Spina Bifida – Question & Answer Sheet

 

1. What is spina bifida?

Spina bifida is a condition where a baby’s spine and spinal cord do not develop properly in the womb, leaving a gap or opening in the spine.

2. What are the causes of spina bifida?

The exact cause is unknown, but it may be linked to a combination of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors, including low folic acid during pregnancy.

3. What are the symptoms of spina bifida?

Symptoms can vary but may include weakness in the legs, bladder and bowel problems, scoliosis, and in severe cases, partial or full paralysis.

4. What is spina bifida occulta?

Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form, often without symptoms. It happens when one or more vertebrae don’t form properly but the spinal cord remains in place.

5. What is the treatment for spina bifida?

Treatment depends on severity and may include surgery, physiotherapy, medication, and assistive devices.

6. Can adults have spina bifida?

Yes. Some are born with it and live into adulthood, and adults may still need ongoing care.

7. What are the common symptoms of spina bifida?

Common symptoms include muscle weakness, paralysis, bladder/bowel control issues, and hydrocephalus (fluid on the brain).

8. What are some causes of spina bifida?

Causes can include low folic acid, family history, some medications, and health conditions in the mother during pregnancy.

9. What are some treatments for spina bifida in adults?

Adults may receive physiotherapy, occupational therapy, continence support, pain management, and surgery if needed.

10. Can spina bifida be prevented?

It can’t always be prevented, but taking folic acid before and during pregnancy reduces the risk.

11. How is spina bifida diagnosed?

It can be detected during pregnancy with ultrasound and blood tests, or after birth through physical examination and scans.

12. What are the long-term effects of spina bifida?

These may include mobility issues, bladder/bowel problems, learning difficulties, and the need for ongoing medical care.

13. Can spina bifida be cured?

No, but treatment and support can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

14. What are some risk factors for spina bifida?

Low folic acid, family history, certain medical conditions, and maternal obesity can increase risk.

15. What are some complications of spina bifida?

Complications can include infections, pressure sores, hydrocephalus, and emotional challenges.

16. What are some challenges faced by adults with spina bifida?

They may face mobility issues, chronic pain, employment barriers, and the need for lifelong care.

17. What is the incidence of spina bifida?

It varies by country, but in the U.S., about 1 in every 2,700 babies is born with it.

18. Is spina bifida a genetic disorder?

It is not strictly genetic, but genetics can play a role in increasing risk.

19. Can spina bifida be fatal?

Severe cases can be life-threatening, especially without treatment, but many people live long lives with good care.

20. Can spina bifida be detected before birth?

Yes, through prenatal tests like ultrasound and blood screening.

21. What kind of medical specialists can treat spina bifida?

Neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, urologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and rehabilitation doctors.

22. What are some treatments for spina bifida in children?

Surgery soon after birth, physiotherapy, mobility aids, and special education support.

23. Is spina bifida always noticeable at birth?

Severe forms are usually obvious, but mild forms like spina bifida occulta may not be noticed without scans.

24. What is the outlook for individuals with spina bifida?

Many live fulfilling lives with the right treatment and support, though some need lifelong care.

25. Can spina bifida cause paralysis?

Yes. In severe cases, it can cause partial or complete paralysis below the affected spinal area.

26. What are some assistive devices that may be helpful for individuals with spina bifida?

Wheelchairs, crutches, braces, standing frames, and urinary catheters.

27. What are the different types of spina bifida?

• Spina bifida occulta – mild, often no symptoms

• Meningocele – sac of fluid forms but spinal cord is not inside it

• Myelomeningocele – most severe, spinal cord and nerves are in the sac.

28. Can spina bifida cause difficulties with bladder and bowel control?

Yes. Nerve damage often affects bladder and bowel function.