Monday, 16 February 2026

Dysgraphia – Communication Support Strategies

Dysgraphia communication support focuses on reducing barriers caused by handwriting and written expression difficulties.

Rather than forcing written output, support should:

Bypass physical writing challenges

Reduce fatigue and frustration

Promote alternative ways to communicate knowledge

Focus on ideas and understanding, not handwriting quality

1. Assistive Technology

Assistive technology helps individuals express themselves without relying on handwriting.

Examples include:

Speech-to-text software – Converts spoken words into written text

Word processors – With spell-check and grammar tools

Keyboarding / typing skills – Often easier than handwriting

Predictive text tools – Reduce spelling and writing load

These tools allow users to communicate ideas more fluently and independently.

2. Alternative Expression Methods

Students and adults with dysgraphia may communicate more effectively through non-written formats.

Alternative assignments may include:

Oral presentations

Recorded audio reports

Video projects

Slide presentations

Interviews or discussions

This ensures assessment measures knowledge — not handwriting ability.

3. Structured Writing Support

Planning support reduces overwhelm and improves written organization.

Helpful tools:

Graphic organizers

Mind maps

Storyboards

Sentence starters

Writing frames

Breaking writing into stages:

Plan

Organize ideas

Draft

Edit

This step-by-step approach reduces cognitive overload.

4. Note-Taking Assistance

Handwritten note-taking is often exhausting and ineffective for individuals with dysgraphia.

Support options:

Printed lecture notes

Teacher / trainer slides

Peer note copies

Audio recording lectures

Smart pens (record while writing)

This allows focus on listening and understanding instead of writing speed.

5. Testing & Exam Accommodations

Assessments should measure knowledge — not handwriting limitations.

Common accommodations:

Extra time

Rest breaks

Oral exams

Use of a scribe

Typed responses

Speech-to-text in exams (where permitted)

These reduce stress and allow fair evaluation.

6. Functional Writing Tools

Adaptive tools can improve handwriting comfort and control.

Examples:

Pencil grips

Ergonomic pens

Weighted pens

Raised-line paper

Graph paper for spacing

Slant boards

These supports assist with motor control and letter formation.

7. Classroom & Daily Life Accommodations

Environmental adjustments reduce writing demand.

Strategies include:

Reduced copying from boards

Fewer written homework tasks

Shortened written assignments

Pre-printed worksheets

Digital forms instead of handwritten forms

8. Modified Assessment Tasks

When writing volume is not essential, tasks can be adapted.

Examples:

Fill-in-the-blank worksheets

Matching exercises

Multiple choice tests

Labeling diagrams

Short answer instead of essays

9. Alternative Writing Formats

Flexibility in writing style can help.

Some individuals find:

Cursive easier than print

Typing clearer than handwriting

Voice recording faster than writing

Legibility and efficiency should guide the format choice.

10. Training & Therapeutic Support

Professional support can improve functional skills.

Occupational Therapy may help with:

Fine motor development

Pencil grip

Hand strength

Writing posture

Motor planning

Therapy does not “cure” dysgraphia but can improve comfort and stamina.

Key Person-Centred Principle

For both children and adults:

Focus on the content of communication — not the neatness of handwriting.

When individuals are judged on ideas rather than penmanship:

Anxiety reduces

Confidence increases

Expression improves

Participation rises

Communication Support Level 1 & Level 2

Module Overview

This module explains communication support for people with apraxia, dysarthria, or aphasia.

Learners will:

Understand communication differences in these conditions

Learn strategies for supporting communication

Explore tools and technology

Learn professional and social support options

Practice questions and activities

Section 1 – What Are These Conditions?

Aphasia: Language loss affecting speaking, reading, and writing

Dysarthria: Muscle weakness affecting speech clarity

Apraxia: Difficulty planning and producing movements for speech

Section 2 – Core Communication Strategies

Aphasia:

Short, simple sentences

Gestures and picture boards

Visual aids

Dysarthria:

Speak loudly and slowly

Take breath breaks

Encourage clear articulation

Apraxia:

Use rhythm, humming, melodic intonation

Scripted phrases for common needs

Motor planning exercises

Partner Strategies:

Eye contact

Yes/No questions

Confirm understanding

Allow extra processing time

Section 3 – Support Tools & Technology

Digital apps for speech/language practice (e.g., Language Therapy 4-in-1, Apraxia Therapy)

Writing and visual aids (paper, markers, communication boards)

Voice banking for progressive conditions

Section 4 – Professional & Social Support

Speech-Language Therapy (SLP) for rehabilitation and compensatory techniques

Support groups (e.g., NEO-ACT, AphasiaAccess)

Environmental adaptation (reduce noise, good lighting, face directly)

Level 1 Questions

Aphasia affects language.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one strategy for dysarthria:

What can you use to help someone with apraxia communicate?

Level 2 Questions

Why is eye contact important when communicating with these individuals?

Name two tools or apps that can help speech practice:

How can scripted phrases help people with apraxia?

Why is environmental adaptation important?

Explain how speech-language therapy supports communication:

Trainer Notes

Trainers should:

Explain the differences between aphasia, dysarthria, and apraxia

Demonstrate strategies for speech support

Show visual aids and apps

Encourage learners to role-play partner strategies

Discuss professional and social support options

Use examples to highlight environmental adaptations

Reinforce the total communication approach

Easy Read Module – Dyscalculia Communication Support Level 1 & Level 2

Module Overview

This module explains how communication is affected by dyscalculia and how to support individuals.

Learners will:

Understand communication challenges in dyscalculia

Learn strategies for children, students, and adults

Practice questions and activities

Understand the link between language and math

Section 1 – What is Dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia is a condition that affects:

Understanding numbers

Processing math information

Talking about math concepts

Managing sequences and steps

It can cause:

Math anxiety

Embarrassment in social situations

Difficulty with word problems

Trouble remembering steps

Section 2 – Communication Challenges

People with dyscalculia may struggle with:

Numerical language (e.g., greater than, less than)

Social situations involving numbers

Explaining how they solved a problem

Following multi-step instructions

Section 3 – Strategies for Educators & Parents

Use precise, consistent language (e.g., regrouping instead of borrowing)

Draw problems and use manipulatives

Connect numbers to real-life examples

Check understanding by asking for verbal explanations

Reduce anxiety by creating a low-pressure environment

Section 4 – Strategies for Adults

Use calculators, apps, and calendars

Practice communicating needs

Ask for time to review financial or numerical information

Focus on understanding processes, not just answers

Section 5 – Link Between Language and Math

Dyscalculia is sometimes called "number dyslexia"

Students may need help with math vocabulary

Support is needed for both numbers and the language of math

Level 1 Questions

Dyscalculia affects understanding numbers.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one thing people with dyscalculia may struggle with:

Give one way to reduce anxiety in math learning:

Level 2 Questions

Why is using precise language important?

Give one example of a visual support for math:

How can adults with dyscalculia manage numbers in daily life?

Why is it important to check understanding, not just the answer?

Explain the link between language and math in dyscalculia:

Trainer Notes

Trainers should:

Explain dyscalculia and its communication impact

Show visual aids and real-life examples

Demonstrate strategies for children, students, and adults

Encourage practice using precise language and verbal explanations

Discuss anxiety reduction and low-stress environments

Highlight the importance of math vocabulary and language

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Easy Read Training Module – ADHD Communication Support Level 1 & Level 2

ADHD communication support involves strategies like active listening, pausing before speaking to reduce impulsivity, and using structured, concise language (e.g., bullet points) to ensure clarity. Key techniques include removing environmental distractions, using "I" statements, and utilizing "mental parking lots" to manage racing thoughts, improving both personal and professional interactions.

Key Strategies for Better Communication

Active Listening: Practice summarizing or paraphrasing what the other person said to confirm understanding.

Pause and Breathe: Take a moment before responding to avoid interrupting or reacting emotionally.

Remove Distractions: Reduce background noise and clutter to help maintain focus on the conversation.

Use "I" Statements: Frame thoughts using "I feel" to reduce defensiveness (e.g., "I feel overwhelmed when..." instead of "You always...").

Structure Information: Organize points logically, using bullet points or notes during important discussions.

Mental Parking Lot: If a distracting thought pops up, imagine putting it in a "parking lot" to address later, allowing you to stay present.

Strategies for Children with ADHD

Get Attention First: Make eye contact and call them by name before speaking.

Be Concise: Keep instructions short, simple, and direct.

Use Visuals/Routine: Provide clear expectations and use visual aids or timers for tasks.

Workplace Communication Tools

Focus on Relevance: Stick to the main point and avoid over-explaining.

Utilize Technology: Use tools that provide keyword summaries or real-time communication support.

Take Breaks: Implement techniques like the "10 and 3" rule (10 minutes of work, 3-minute break) to maintain focus.

Professional Support

Behavioral Therapy: Helps address impulsivity and improves social communication skills.

Speech-Language Pathology: Can assist with organizing thoughts and conversational flow.

Module Overview

This module explains communication support for people with ADHD.

Learners will:

Learn what ADHD is

Learn strategies to support communication

Practice questions and activities

Understand workplace and child support methods

Section 1 – What is ADHD?

ADHD is a condition that affects attention, focus, and behavior.

It can make it hard to:

Listen carefully

Follow instructions

Stay on topic

Control impulses

Section 2 – Why Communication Support Matters

Support helps people to:

Understand instructions

Focus on conversations

Reduce stress

Build good relationships

Section 3 – Key Strategies for Communication

Active Listening

Listen carefully

Summarize what others say

Pause and Breathe

Wait before responding

Avoid interrupting or reacting quickly

Remove Distractions

Reduce noise and clutter

Stay focused on conversation

Use "I" Statements

Say how you feel using "I" (e.g., "I feel overwhelmed when...")

Avoid blaming

Structure Information

Use bullet points

Keep information clear and logical

Use notes if helpful

Mental Parking Lot

If a thought pops up, put it in a mental "parking lot"

Return to it later

Section 4 – Strategies for Children with ADHD

Get attention first (eye contact, call name)

Be concise and direct

Use visuals, timers, and routines

Set clear expectations

Section 5 – Workplace Communication Tools

Stick to main points

Use technology for reminders or summaries

Take breaks (e.g., 10 minutes work, 3 minutes break)

Section 6 – Professional Support

Behavioral Therapy: helps with impulsivity and social communication

Speech-Language Pathology: supports organizing thoughts and conversation

Level 1 Questions

ADHD affects attention.
☐ True ☐ False

What should you do before replying?

Name one visual support for children.

What is a mental parking lot?

Level 2 Questions

How does active listening help communication?

Why are "I" statements useful?

Name one workplace communication strategy

💡 section 1: neurodevelopmental conditions

· autism and neurodiversity
a look at autism and other neurodivergent conditions, from sensory needs to communication styles.

autism (asd)

adhd

(also include things like dyslexia, dyspraxia, etc.)

💡 section 2: mental health conditions

anxiety

depression

bipolar disorder

ptsd

ocd

💡 section 3: how they can overlap

some people have both a neurodevelopmental condition and a mental illness.

Autism communication support

Effective communication support for autism focuses on leveraging visual aids, structured routines, and alternative communication methods to enhance expression and comprehension. Key strategies include using picture systems (PECS), speech-generating devices (AAC), clear/concise language, and social stories to reduce anxiety. Specialized therapies like speech-language pathology and ABA, along with parent-led modeling, foster improved social interaction

Key Communication Strategies & Tools

Visual Supports: Use picture cards, schedules, and visual cues to help autistic individuals understand routines, reduce anxiety, and improve comprehension.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): For non-verbal or minimally verbal individuals, AAC tools such as iPads, speech-output devices, and picture systems (PECS) enable them to communicate effectively.

Structured Social Interaction: Utilize social stories to explain social situations and expectations, helping individuals learn appropriate social behaviors.

Clear, Concise Language: Use direct, straightforward language to avoid confusion.

Processing Time: Implement the "10-second rule," allowing ample time for the individual to process information and respond.

Evidence-Based Therapies

Speech-Language Therapy: SLPs provide tailored strategies to improve both verbal and non-verbal communication skills.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): Focuses on using positive reinforcement to teach communication and social skills.

JASPER: A naturalistic, developmental intervention that targets joint attention, symbolic play, and engagement to improve language.

Parent-Led Modeling: Caregivers can "respond and expand" on a child's communication by imitating, gesturing, and building on their words.

Strategies to Encourage Communication

Sabotage Routine Situations: Subtly leave out a needed item to encourage the individual to ask for help or make a request.

Follow Their Lead: Engage with the individual's interests to create natural opportunities for interaction.

Respect Sensory Needs: Acknowledge that communication may be affected by sensory overload; creating a safe space reduces anxiety and improves interaction.

Easy Read Workbook

Communication Support for Autism

Level 1 & Level 2

How to Use This Workbook

This workbook is written in Easy Read.

You can:

Read the information

Answer the questions

Use it in training

Use it in classrooms or workplaces

SECTION 1 – What is Autism?

Autism is a developmental condition.

It affects:

Communication

Social interaction

Understanding language

Sensory processing

Some autistic people:

Speak a lot

Speak a little

Do not speak

Use communication devices

All communication is valid.

Questions – Level 1

Autism affects communication.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one thing autism can affect:

Questions – Level 2

How can autism affect understanding language?

Why is it important to respect all communication styles?

SECTION 2 – Why Communication Support Matters

Communication support helps people to:

Express needs

Ask for help

Build friendships

Reduce anxiety

Feel included

Support should always be person‑centred.

Questions – Level 1

Communication support reduces anxiety.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one benefit of communication support:

Questions – Level 2

How can communication support improve inclusion?

SECTION 3 – Visual Communication Support

Visual supports help autistic people understand information.

Examples include:

Picture cards

Visual timetables

Routine boards

Now/Next boards

Visual instructions

Visuals reduce anxiety.

They make routines predictable.

Questions – Level 1

Visual supports use pictures.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one visual support:

Questions – Level 2

Why do visual schedules reduce anxiety?

SECTION 4 – AAC Communication

AAC means: Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

AAC helps people communicate without speech.

Tools include:

Speech devices

Communication apps

Tablets / iPads

Picture systems (PECS)

AAC gives people a voice.

Questions – Level 1

AAC is for non‑verbal communication.
☐ True ☐ False

Name one AAC tool:

Questions – Level 2

How does AAC support independence?

SECTION 5 – Clear Language

Use clear communication.

Good practice:

Short sentences

Simple words

Direct instructions

Avoid:

Idioms

Sarcasm

Slang

Long explanations

Questions – Level 1

Use long complex sentences.
☐ True ☐ False

Clear language means simple words.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

Why can idioms be confusing?

SECTION 6 – Processing Time

Autistic people may need more time to think.

Use the 10‑second rule:

Ask

Wait

Listen

Do not rush responses.

Questions – Level 1

People should answer immediately.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

Why is processing time important for communication?

SECTION 7 – Social Stories

Social stories explain:

Social situations

Behaviour expectations

Emotions

Routines

They help reduce anxiety.

They prepare people for events.

Questions – Level 1

Social stories are visual supports.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

How do social stories support behaviour understanding?

SECTION 8 – Therapies That Support Communication

Professionals can help build communication skills.

Examples:

Speech & Language Therapy

ABA

JASPER

These support:

Speech

Interaction

Play skills

Joint attention

Questions – Level 1

Therapy can support communication.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

Name one therapy and what it supports:

SECTION 9 – Encouraging Communication

Support communication by:

Following interests

Playing together

Creating opportunities to request

Modelling language

Adults can expand language.

Example: Child: “Car.”
Adult: “Yes, a red car!”

Questions – Level 1

Following interests supports communication.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

What does modelling language mean?

SECTION 10 – Sensory Support

Sensory overload affects communication.

People may struggle to:

Listen

Speak

Focus

Support includes:

Quiet spaces

Breaks

Calm lighting

Questions – Level 1

Noise can affect communication.
☐ True ☐ False

Questions – Level 2

How can sensory environments affect interaction?

Final Reflection

What have you learned about communication support for autism?

Write or discuss:

Trainer Notes

Learners should understand:

Autism communication differences

Visual supports

AAC tools

Processing time

Clear language

Therapies

Sensory impact

End of Workbook

section 1: how autism and adhd affect people (neurodevelopmental conditions)

🔵 what is autism?

a lifelong condition that affects how people communicate, socialize, and process the world.

autistic people may struggle with sensory overload, change, and social rules.

many are very routine-based and need things to stay the same.

they may find loud noises, bright lights, or too much talking very hard to cope with.

autism affects how someone’s brain works, not how clever they are — many autistic people are very intelligent but process things differently.

🔵 what is adhd?

a condition that affects attention, impulses, and energy levels.

people with adhd might:

find it hard to concentrate or stay focused.

be very active or fidgety (hyperactive).

act without thinking (impulsive).

this isn’t about being "naughty" — their brains work differently and are often super fast-moving and creative.

autism spectrum (asd) explained again:

your repetition of the definition of asd reinforces its core characteristics related to information processing, emotions, and social interactions. the emphasis on individual reactions and responses to the world is key.

sensory sensitivities and social challenges:

you reiterate the common sensory sensitivities and the difficulties autistic individuals may face in understanding the thoughts and feelings of neurotypical people, especially in unfamiliar situations. the feeling of being overwhelmed by new positive experiences is also a significant point.

varied perspectives on autism:

you rightly point out that understanding autism can vary depending on whether the information comes from autistic individuals themselves or from professionals, and even among autistic individuals, experiences differ.

autism as a disability:

you correctly identify autism as a lifelong developmental disability affecting communication, understanding, and interaction, highlighting the significant number of people on the spectrum in the uk.

individual differences and desires:

your emphasis on the fact that not all autistic individuals are affected the same way and that they, like everyone else, want to live full lives and contribute to society is crucial for destigmatization.

social communication and anxiety:

you highlight the common co-occurrence of social communication difficulties and anxiety, particularly in new or unfamiliar social situations. the challenges with verbal and nonverbal communication, understanding nuances like sarcasm, and literal interpretation are well-explained.

personal experiences:

your examples regarding travel (airports, getting lost) effectively illustrate the real-world challenges faced by autistic individuals due to sensory overload, information processing differences, and difficulties with navigation.

advocacy for accessibility:

your points about the need for accessible public transport, the challenges of self-service technologies, and the importance of accessible information are vital for advocating for a more inclusive society.

the shift from asperger's to asd: