🦠 Lyme Disease (Chapter L11 – Module 20)
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused mainly by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through infected black-legged (deer) ticks.
Key Features
- Early “bulls-eye” rash (erythema migrans)
- Fever, fatigue, muscle aches
- Can spread to joints, heart, and nervous system if untreated
Stages
- Early stage: Rash + flu-like symptoms
- Disseminated stage: Facial palsy, heart rhythm issues
- Late stage: Chronic arthritis, neurological problems
Treatment
- Antibiotics (usually 2–4 weeks)
- Early treatment = full recovery in most cases
Prevention
- Long clothing in wooded areas
- Tick checks after outdoor activity
- Insect repellent (DEET)
🧩 Learner question: Why is early detection of Lyme disease so important?
🧠 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Chapter A1 – Module 11)
ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition affecting communication, social interaction, and behaviour.
Key Features
- Difficulty with social cues and communication
- Repetitive behaviours or routines
- Sensory sensitivities (sound, light, touch)
Important Facts
- Around 1 in 36 children
- A spectrum: support needs vary widely
- Not an illness — a neurotype
Strengths (important inclusion point)
- Strong memory in specific areas
- Attention to detail
- Deep focus on interests
🧩 Question: Why is ASD called a “spectrum”?
💨 Asthma (Chapter A1 – Module 9)
A chronic condition where airways become inflamed and narrowed.
Symptoms
- Wheezing
- Breathlessness
- Chest tightness
- Night-time coughing
Triggers
- Allergens (dust, pollen)
- Exercise
- Cold air
- Smoke or pollution
Treatment
- Preventer inhalers
- Reliever inhalers
- Avoiding triggers
🧩 Question: What might trigger an asthma attack in everyday life?
🧠 ADHD (Chapter 1 – Module 3)
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention, impulsivity, and activity levels.
Types
- Inattentive
- Hyperactive/Impulsive
- Combined type
Symptoms
- Difficulty focusing
- Restlessness
- Forgetfulness
- Impulsivity
Support
- Medication
- Behavioural therapy
- Routine and structure
🧩 Question: How might ADHD affect school or work life?
😰 Anxiety Disorders (A1 – Module 7)
Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is persistent and overwhelming.
Types
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Panic disorder
- Phobias
- Social anxiety
Symptoms
- Racing heart
- Sweating
- Constant worry
- Avoidance behaviour
Treatment
- CBT therapy
- Medication
- Mindfulness and exercise
🧩 Question: When does normal anxiety become a disorder?
🧠 Bipolar Disorder (B2 – Module 13)
A mood disorder involving extreme emotional highs and lows.
Types
- Bipolar I (severe mania)
- Bipolar II (hypomania + depression)
- Cyclothymia (milder cycles)
Symptoms
- Mania: high energy, impulsivity
- Depression: low mood, fatigue
Treatment
- Mood stabilisers
- Therapy
- Long-term management
🧩 Question: How do mood swings affect daily life?
🦴 Arthritis (A1 – Module 8)
A group of conditions causing joint pain and inflammation.
Types
- Osteoarthritis (wear and tear)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune)
- Gout (uric acid buildup)
Symptoms
- Joint pain
- Stiffness
- Swelling
Management
- Exercise
- Pain relief
- Physiotherapy
🧩 Question: Why does arthritis affect mobility?
🫁 Cancer (C3 – Module 17)
Cancer is uncontrolled abnormal cell growth.
Types
- Carcinoma
- Sarcoma
- Leukemia / lymphoma
Treatment
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiotherapy
- Immunotherapy
Causes
- Smoking
- Genetics
- Environmental exposure
🧩 Question: Why is early detection important in cancer care?
🧬 Endometriosis (E5 – Module 31)
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.
Symptoms
- Severe pelvic pain
- Heavy periods
- Infertility
- Fatigue
Causes
- Hormonal influence (oestrogen)
- Retrograde menstruation (theory)
- Genetics
Treatment
- Pain relief
- Hormonal therapy
- Surgery
🧩 Question: Why does endometriosis affect fertility?
🧠 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (B2 – Module 16)
Brain damage caused by external force.
Causes
- Falls
- Road accidents
- Sports injuries
- Violence
Symptoms
- Confusion
- Memory loss
- Headaches
- Mood changes
Treatment
- Emergency care
- Surgery (sometimes)
- Rehabilitation therapy
🧩 Question: What long-term effects can TBI have?
🦴 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) (E5 – Module 30)
A group of genetic conditions affecting connective tissue (collagen).
Symptoms
- Hypermobile joints
- Fragile skin
- Chronic pain
- Frequent dislocations
Complications
- Vascular issues
- Fatigue
- Joint instability
Treatment
- Physiotherapy
- Pain management
- Joint support
🧩 Question: Why does collagen affect the whole body?
🧠 ADHD (A1 – Module 3) (already included above but reinforced learning)
Focus, organisation, and impulse control differences caused by brain development variation.
💧 Bladder Problems (B2 – Module 14)
Issues affecting urination control and bladder function.
Symptoms
- Urgency
- Leakage
- Painful urination
- Frequent urination
Causes
- Infection (UTIs)
- Overactive bladder
- Nerve damage
Treatment
- Pelvic floor exercises
- Medication
- Lifestyle changes
🧩 Question: What lifestyle changes can help bladder control?
🩸 Bleeding Disorders (B2 – Module 15)
Conditions where blood does not clot properly.
Causes
- Hemophilia
- Von Willebrand disease
- Liver disease
- Medications
Symptoms
- Easy bruising
- Nosebleeds
- Heavy periods
- Excess bleeding
Treatment
- Clotting factor therapy
- Medication
- Medical monitoring
🧩 Question: Why is clotting important after injury?
🧠 Autism (already covered but reinforced)
Neurodevelopmental spectrum condition affecting communication and sensory processing.
🫁 Asthma (already covered but reinforced)
Chronic airway inflammation causing breathing difficulty.
🧠 ADHD (already covered but reinforced)
Neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention and impulse control.
🧩 Final Learning Reflection Section (for your book use)
Cross-Condition Themes:
Many conditions share:
- Chronic fatigue (CP, ME/CFS, EDS)
- Pain (arthritis, endometriosis, EDS)
- Neurological impact (TBI, ADHD, ASD)
- Mental health links (anxiety, depression, bipolar)
Key Understanding Point:
Health conditions are often interconnected, not isolated.
📚 Optional Learner Activities (you can reuse in your modules)
- Match symptoms to conditions
- True/false quiz sections
- “What would you do?” case studies
- Reflection questions on stigma and support
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