Abuse
Abuse refers to harmful treatment of a person. It can be:
- Physical
- Emotional
- Sexual
- Financial
- Neglect
Abuse can affect people of all ages and backgrounds and often has long-term mental health impacts such as anxiety, trauma, and depression.
Addiction
Addiction is a condition where a person cannot stop using a substance or engaging in a behaviour, even when it causes harm.
Examples:
- Alcohol addiction
- Drug addiction
- Gambling addiction
It affects the brain’s reward system and often requires therapy, support groups, and sometimes medication.
Abomination (Non-medical term)
This is not a medical condition.
It is a strong word used to describe something seen as morally wrong or unpleasant.
It may appear in:
- Cultural discussions
- Religious texts
- Emotional expression
🧠 Module A1.2 – Mental Health and Neurological Conditions
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
A neurodevelopmental condition affecting:
- Attention
- Impulsivity
- Hyperactivity
Common in children but can continue into adulthood. Support may include:
- Structured routines
- Therapy
- Medication
Anxiety
A mental health condition involving excessive worry or fear.
Symptoms may include:
- Restlessness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Difficulty concentrating
Types include:
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Panic disorder
- Social anxiety
Alzheimer’s Disease
A progressive neurological condition that affects memory and thinking.
Key features:
- Memory loss
- Confusion
- Difficulty with daily tasks
It is the most common cause of dementia.
🩺 Module A1.3 – Physical Health Conditions
Acne
A common skin condition causing:
- Spots
- Pimples
- Oily skin
Often linked to hormonal changes, especially during puberty.
Acute Bronchitis
A short-term inflammation of the airways in the lungs.
Symptoms:
- Cough
- Mucus
- Chest discomfort
Usually caused by viral infections.
Allergies
An immune system reaction to substances that are usually harmless.
Common triggers:
- Pollen
- Food
- Dust
- Animal dander
Anaemia
A condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells.
Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Pale skin
Often caused by iron deficiency.
Angina
Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Important:
- Can be a warning sign of heart disease
- Needs medical assessment
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix.
Symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Fever
Requires urgent medical treatment (often surgery).
Athlete’s Foot
A fungal skin infection affecting the feet.
Symptoms:
- Itching
- Cracking skin
- Redness
Common in warm, moist environments.
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
A heart condition causing an irregular and often rapid heartbeat.
Symptoms:
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
Increases the risk of stroke and requires medical management.
🧾 Module A1.4 – Summary
This chapter has covered:
- Social and behavioural issues (abuse, addiction)
- Mental health and neurological conditions (ADHD, anxiety, Alzheimer’s)
- Physical health conditions (e.g., anaemia, appendicitis, atrial fibrillation)
Understanding these conditions helps:
- Improve awareness
- Support early identification
- Promote access to the right help and treatment
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