This section covers a wide range of cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune, infectious, genetic, digestive, urinary, and rare conditions, showing how diseases can affect every system of the body.
❤️ T CONDITIONS
⚡ Tachycardia
A condition where the heart beats too fast (usually over 100 bpm at rest).
- Can be temporary (stress, fever)
- Or chronic (heart disease)
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
🧠 Tay-Sachs Disease
A rare inherited neurological disorder.
- Causes destruction of nerve cells in brain/spinal cord
- Usually begins in infancy
⚠️ Effects:
- Loss of movement
- Seizures
- Early death in severe cases
🧷 Tetanus (Lockjaw)
A serious bacterial infection (Clostridium tetani).
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Muscle stiffness
- Jaw locking
- Severe spasms
- Breathing difficulty
⚠️ Often enters through wounds or cuts.
🩸 Thalassemia
An inherited blood disorder affecting haemoglobin.
⚠️ Effects:
- Anaemia
- Fatigue
- Pale skin
- Bone deformities (in severe cases)
🩸 Thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.
⚠️ Risks:
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
👂 Tinnitus
Perception of ringing or buzzing in the ears.
- No external sound present
- Can be constant or intermittent
🦠 Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Difficulty swallowing
🧠 Tourette Syndrome
A neurological condition causing involuntary tics.
- Motor tics (blinking, movements)
- Vocal tics (sounds, words)
👁️ Trachoma
A bacterial eye infection and leading preventable cause of blindness.
🥩 Trichinosis
A parasitic infection from undercooked meat.
- Muscle pain
- Fever
- Swelling
🫁 Tuberculosis (TB)
A serious lung infection caused by bacteria.
- Persistent cough
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
🧬 Type 1 Diabetes
An autoimmune disease.
- Body attacks insulin-producing cells
- Requires insulin therapy
🍬 Type 2 Diabetes
A chronic condition affecting blood sugar regulation.
- Insulin resistance
- Linked to lifestyle and genetics
🦠 Typhoid Fever
A bacterial infection (Salmonella Typhi).
⚠️ Symptoms:
- High fever
- Abdominal pain
- Weakness
🧬 U CONDITIONS
🧫 Ulcerative Colitis
An inflammatory bowel disease.
- Causes ulcers in colon lining
- Diarrhoea and abdominal pain
🧪 Uremia
A dangerous condition where kidneys fail to remove toxins.
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Confusion
🦠 Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra.
- Painful urination
- Discharge
🚽 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infection in the urinary system.
- Burning urination
- Frequent need to urinate
🧬 Uterine Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in the uterus.
- Heavy periods
- Pelvic pain
- Fertility issues
🧠 V CONDITIONS
🧠 Vascular Dementia
Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
- Memory loss
- Confusion
- Difficulty planning
🩸 Vasculitis
Inflammation of blood vessels.
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Organ damage in severe cases
🌪️ Vertigo
A sensation of spinning or dizziness.
- Often inner ear-related
- Balance problems
🎨 Vitiligo
Loss of skin pigmentation.
- White patches on skin
- Autoimmune-related
🌍 W CONDITIONS
🦟 West Nile Virus
A mosquito-borne viral infection.
- Fever
- Headache
- In severe cases: neurological disease
🦴 Whiplash
Neck injury caused by sudden movement.
- Neck pain
- Stiffness
- Headaches
🧫 Whipple’s Disease
Rare bacterial infection affecting digestion.
- Weight loss
- Diarrhoea
- Joint pain
🧬 Wilson’s Disease
Inherited disorder causing copper buildup in body.
- Liver damage
- Neurological symptoms
- Movement disorders
❌ X CONDITIONS
👁️ Xerophthalmia
Eye disease caused by vitamin A deficiency.
- Dry eyes
- Night blindness
- Can lead to blindness
🌞 Y CONDITIONS
🦟 Yellow Fever
Viral infection spread by mosquitoes.
- Fever
- Jaundice
- Muscle pain
🦠 Z CONDITIONS
🦟 Zika Virus Infection
Mosquito-borne viral infection.
- Mild fever
- Rash
- Dangerous in pregnancy (birth defects risk)
🧪 Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
Rare condition causing tumours in pancreas or small intestine.
- Excess stomach acid
- Ulcers
- Diarrhoea
🔬 Key Idea (T–Z Conditions Overview)
This section includes diseases affecting:
- ❤️ Heart → tachycardia, thrombosis
- 🧠 Brain & nerves → Tay-Sachs, dementia, vertigo, Tourette’s
- 🦠 Infection → TB, typhoid, Zika, West Nile, tetanus
- 🩸 Blood → thalassemia, thrombosis
- 🧬 Genetic → Wilson’s disease, Tay-Sachs
- 🍬 Metabolic → diabetes
- 🧴 Skin/eyes → vitiligo, trachoma, xerophthalmia
🧠 Study Questions (Answers found in module text)
🔍 Understanding
- What causes Type 1 diabetes?
- What is thrombosis?
- What is Tay-Sachs disease?
⚠️ Symptoms
- What happens in vertigo?
- What are symptoms of TB?
- What does vitiligo affect?
🧬 Causes & Risk
- How is tetanus transmitted?
- What causes Wilson’s disease?
- What increases risk of Type 2 diabetes?
🏥 Treatment & Urgency
- Why is thrombosis dangerous?
- How is TB treated?
- Why is early detection important in vascular dementia?
📌 Final Summary
The T–Z conditions show the full range of human disease:
- 🧠 Neurological (Tay-Sachs, dementia, vertigo, Tourette’s)
- ❤️ Cardiovascular (tachycardia, thrombosis)
- 🦠 Infectious (TB, typhoid, Zika, West Nile, tetanus)
- 🧬 Genetic (Wilson’s, Tay-Sachs, thalassemia)
- 🍬 Metabolic (diabetes)
- 🧴 Skin/eye conditions (vitiligo, xerophthalmia, trachoma)
- 🍽️ Digestive/organ systems (ulcerative colitis, Zollinger–Ellison)
Together they complete a full A–Z medical overview of human health conditions.
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