This section covers a wide range of conditions affecting the nervous system, immune system, skin, joints, blood, bones, infections, and mental health. It includes both acute illnesses and long-term chronic conditions.
🅁 R Conditions
🐶 Rabies
A fatal viral disease spread through the saliva of infected animals.
- Usually transmitted via bites or scratches
- Affects the nervous system
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Fever
- Anxiety
- Confusion
- Hydrophobia (fear of water)
- Paralysis
⚠️ Once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal.
🧠 Raccoon Roundworm (Baylisascariasis)
A rare parasitic infection.
- Spread through contact with raccoon faeces
- Can infect the brain and nervous system
⚠️ Effects:
- Severe neurological damage
- Vision problems
- Coordination loss
❄️ Raynaud’s Phenomenon
A condition affecting blood flow to fingers and toes.
⚠️ Triggers:
- Cold temperatures
- Stress
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Fingers/toes turn white, blue, then red
- Numbness or pain
🦴 Reactive Arthritis
Joint inflammation triggered by an infection elsewhere in the body.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Joint pain and swelling
- Eye irritation
- Urinary issues
🫁 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
A common respiratory virus, especially in children.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Cold-like symptoms
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Breathing difficulty (in infants)
🦵 Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
A neurological condition causing discomfort in the legs.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Urge to move legs
- Tingling or crawling sensations
- Worse at night
👁️ Retinoblastoma
A rare eye cancer in children.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- White glow in the eye (leukocoria)
- Eye redness or swelling
- Vision problems
🧠 Reye Syndrome
A rare but serious condition affecting the brain and liver in children.
- Often linked to viral infections + aspirin use
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Vomiting
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Brain swelling
❤️ Rheumatic Fever
A complication of untreated strep infection.
⚠️ Effects:
- Heart inflammation
- Joint pain
- Fever
- Fatigue
🧬 Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks joints.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Joint pain and swelling
- Morning stiffness
- Fatigue
🦴 Rickets
A bone condition in children caused by vitamin D deficiency.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Soft, weak bones
- Bone deformities
- Delayed growth
🍄 Ringworm (Tinea)
A fungal skin infection.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Ring-shaped rash
- Itching
- Red, scaly skin
🦠 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
A tick-borne bacterial infection.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Fever
- Rash
- Headache
- Muscle pain
🌹 Rosacea
A chronic skin condition affecting the face.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Redness (flushing)
- Visible blood vessels
- Bumps or pimples
🦠 Rotavirus
A highly contagious stomach virus in children.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Severe diarrhoea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Dehydration risk
🧬 Rubella (German Measles)
A viral infection dangerous in pregnancy.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Rash
- Fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
⚠️ Risk: Can cause serious birth defects if caught during pregnancy.
🅂 S Conditions
🦠 Salmonellosis
A bacterial food poisoning infection.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Diarrhoea
- Fever
- Stomach cramps
💪 Sarcopenia
Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
- Common in older adults
- Leads to weakness and mobility issues
🪳 Scabies
A skin infestation caused by mites.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Intense itching
- Rash
- Worse at night
🔴 Scarlet Fever
A complication of strep throat.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Red rash (sandpaper-like)
- Fever
- Sore throat
🪱 Schistosomiasis
A parasitic worm infection from freshwater.
- Common in tropical regions
🧠 Schizophrenia
A serious mental health disorder.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised thinking
⚡ Sciatica
Pain caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Lower back pain
- Pain down one leg
- Tingling or numbness
🧬 Scleroderma
A rare autoimmune disease causing hardening of skin and tissues.
🦴 Scoliosis
A sideways curvature of the spine.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Uneven shoulders
- Back pain
- Posture changes
🧪 Sepsis
A life-threatening response to infection.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- High fever or low temperature
- Rapid heart rate
- Confusion
⚠️ Medical emergency
🦠 Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Painful rash
- Burning sensation
- Blisters
🩸 Sickle Cell Disease
An inherited blood disorder.
⚠️ Effects:
- Abnormal red blood cells
- Pain crises
- Anaemia
😴 Sleep Apnoea
A sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Loud snoring
- Daytime tiredness
- Interrupted sleep
❌ Smallpox
A viral disease now eradicated worldwide.
- Only human disease completely eradicated through vaccination
🧬 Spina Bifida
A birth defect where the spine does not fully form.
⚠️ Effects:
- Mobility issues
- Nerve damage
- Possible paralysis
🦠 Staph Infection
Infections caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.
- Can affect skin or internal organs
🧫 Strep Throat
A bacterial throat infection.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Swollen glands
🧠 Stroke
A medical emergency caused by loss of blood supply to the brain.
⚠️ Symptoms:
- Face drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulty
🔬 Key Idea (Across R–S Conditions)
These conditions show wide body system impact:
- 🧠 Nervous system → stroke, rabies, schizophrenia, RLS
- 🫁 Respiratory system → RSV, sleep apnoea
- 🦴 Bones/joints → scoliosis, rickets, rheumatoid arthritis
- 🧴 Skin → scabies, ringworm, rosacea, shingles
- 🦠 Infection → salmonella, sepsis, strep, scarlet fever
- 🧬 Genetic/blood → sickle cell disease
- 🎗️ Cancer → retinoblastoma
🧠 Study Questions (Answers found in text)
🔍 Understanding
- What causes rabies?
- What is rheumatoid arthritis?
- What is sepsis?
⚠️ Symptoms
- What are symptoms of stroke?
- What happens in sleep apnoea?
- What does scabies cause?
🧬 Causes & Risk
- How is RSV spread?
- What causes rickets?
- What triggers reactive arthritis?
🏥 Treatment & Urgency
- Why is sepsis a medical emergency?
- How is strep throat treated?
- Why is early treatment important in stroke?
📌 Final Summary
The R and S conditions include a very wide mix of:
- 🧠 Neurological diseases (stroke, rabies, schizophrenia)
- 🦠 Infectious diseases (RSV, strep, sepsis, salmonella)
- 🦴 Bone and joint disorders (rickets, scoliosis, arthritis)
- 🧴 Skin conditions (scabies, ringworm, rosacea)
- 🧬 Blood/genetic conditions (sickle cell disease)
- 🎗️ Cancers (retinoblastoma)
Together they show how disease can affect almost every system in the human body, ranging from mild infections to life-threatening emergencies.
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