Monday, 20 April 2026

Why People Abuse (Understanding Perpetrator Behaviour)

 


We all know there is no excuse for abusive behaviour. However, understanding possible reasons behind it can sometimes help in recognising patterns, supporting victims, and improving safeguarding responses.

Abuse is a deliberate pattern of behaviour used to gain power and control over another person. It may include physical, emotional, sexual, or financial actions.

It is:

  • A choice
  • A pattern, not a one-off event
  • A means of control

It is never justified, regardless of stress, trauma history, alcohol use, or mental health issues.


Key Understanding of Abuse

Abuse is:

  • Intentional and strategic behaviour
  • Used to dominate or control another person
  • Maintained through repeated actions over time
  • Often hidden or minimised by the person causing harm

Importantly:

  • Anger alone does not cause abuse
  • Alcohol or substances do not cause abuse
  • Lack of control is not the root cause

Instead, abuse is generally a learned and chosen behaviour pattern.


Why Do Some People Abuse? (Common Contributing Factors)

1. Learned behaviour

  • Growing up around violence or control
  • Seeing abuse in family or relationships
  • Believing abuse is “normal” or acceptable

2. Power and control

  • Desire to dominate another person
  • Belief they are entitled to control a partner’s life
  • Need to feel superior or in charge

3. Deeply held beliefs and attitudes

  • Belief that they are more important than others
  • Attitudes that justify control or punishment
  • Lack of respect for equality in relationships

4. Manipulation and blame shifting

  • Refusing responsibility for behaviour
  • Blaming the victim for their actions
  • Twisting situations to avoid accountability
  • Making the victim feel at fault

Common Forms and Tactics of Abuse

Physical abuse

  • Hitting, pushing, grabbing
  • Restraining or physically intimidating someone
  • Using physical presence to instil fear

Emotional and psychological abuse

  • Gaslighting (distorting reality)
  • Belittling or insulting
  • Extreme jealousy and possessiveness
  • Controlling appearance, clothing, or behaviour
  • Creating fear through intimidation

Financial and coercive control

  • Controlling access to money
  • Restricting employment or independence
  • Monitoring spending or financial decisions
  • Creating financial dependence

Sexual abuse

  • Forcing sexual acts without consent
  • Using sex as punishment or reward
  • Coercing or pressuring sexual activity

Key Terms Related to Abuse

  • Coercion / Coercive control
  • Intimidation
  • Maltreatment
  • Violence
  • Mistreatment
  • Manipulation
  • Exploitation

Important Safeguarding Notes

No excuse principle

  • Trauma, substance use, or mental health issues may help explain context
  • They do not justify abuse

Accountability

  • Abuse is always a choice
  • Responsibility lies entirely with the person who is abusive

Support is available

If you or someone you know is experiencing abuse, help is available:

  • National Domestic Violence Hotline (US): 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
  • Website: thehotline.org

Key Message

Abuse is not an accident, loss of control, or moment of anger.
It is a pattern of behaviour used to gain and maintain control over another person.

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