Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions (or threats of actions) that influence another person.
It includes behaviours that:
- Frighten or intimidate
- Terrorise or manipulate
- Hurt or humiliate
- Blame or control
- Injure or wound someone
Abuse happens when someone uses behaviour or influence over another person to cause harm or gain power and control.
It often becomes repeated over time and can escalate gradually.
Why abuse can be hard to recognise
- It often comes from someone known and trusted
- It may start subtly and build slowly
- The person experiencing it may begin to doubt themselves
Emotional Abuse
Emotional abuse is a pattern of behaviour used to control, manipulate, or degrade another person.
It can cause long-term psychological harm, even when there are no physical injuries.
Key signs of emotional abuse
1. Constant criticism and verbal abuse
- Name-calling
- Insults
- Harsh or repeated criticism
- Making someone feel “not good enough”
2. Isolation
- Stopping contact with friends or family
- Controlling who someone sees or speaks to
- Creating dependence on the abuser
3. Gaslighting and manipulation
- Denying things that happened
- Twisting facts or reality
- Making someone doubt their memory or judgement
- Making the victim feel “confused” or “crazy”
4. Controlling behaviour
- Monitoring phone, messages, or email
- Controlling money or access to finances
- Dictating clothing, appearance, or daily movement
- Restricting independence
5. Unpredictable anger and intimidation
- Sudden anger or rage
- Threatening body language
- Creating fear or anxiety
- Feeling like you are “walking on eggshells”
6. Emotional blackmail and shaming
- Making someone feel responsible for their behaviour
- Threatening self-harm if boundaries are set
- Guilt-tripping to gain control
- Blaming the victim for problems
7. Silent treatment or emotional withdrawal
- Ignoring someone as punishment
- Withholding affection or communication
- Creating feelings of rejection or worthlessness
Possible Indicators Someone May Be Experiencing Emotional Abuse
Emotional and psychological signs
- Feeling confused or mentally “foggy”
- Constant anxiety or a “pit in the stomach” feeling
- Difficulty thinking clearly or making decisions
Behavioural signs
- Defending the person who is harming them
- Making excuses for abusive behaviour
- Withdrawing from friends, family, or support
Identity and confidence changes
- Loss of self-confidence
- Feeling like they no longer recognise themselves
- Reduced independence or decision-making ability
- Feeling powerless or trapped
Important reminder
If you are in danger or feel unsafe, seek help immediately.
Support options may include:
- Domestic abuse helplines
- Local support services
- Emergency services if needed
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