Thursday, 19 February 2026

📘 Training Module Dyslexia & Dyspraxia in the Workplace Understanding Difficulties and Providing Support

 



1️ Module Aim

To help employers, managers, tutors, and colleagues:

Understand Dyslexia and Dyspraxia at work

Recognise common workplace challenges

Provide practical, respectful support

Create inclusive job opportunities


2️ What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that mainly affects reading, spelling, processing written information, and memory.

It does not affect intelligence.

Many people with dyslexia are creative, problem-solvers, and big-picture thinkers.


3️ What is Dyspraxia?

Dyspraxia (also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder – DCD) affects coordination, organisation, planning, and sometimes speech or motor skills.

It does not affect intelligence.

Many people with dyspraxia are determined, resilient, and practical learners.


4️ Important: A Person May Have

Dyslexia only

Dyspraxia only

Both conditions together

Other related conditions (e.g., ADHD, Autism)

Every person is different.


5️ Workplace Difficulties – Dyslexia

A person with dyslexia may:

Take longer to read and reply to emails

Struggle with writing reports or documents

Find spelling and grammar difficult

Misread long instructions

Forget verbal instructions

Struggle with note-taking in meetings

Find form filling stressful

Experience anxiety about written tasks


6️ Workplace Difficulties – Dyspraxia

A person with dyspraxia may:

Struggle with time management

Be disorganised without support

Have poor or slow handwriting

Struggle to put information in logical order

Have difficulty planning tasks

Find multi-step tasks overwhelming

Struggle with physical coordination tasks

Need extra time to learn new procedures


7️ How to Support Someone with Dyslexia

Clear Communication

Write instructions in order (1, 2, 3 or A, B, C)

Use bullet points

Keep sentences short

Avoid large blocks of text

Verbal & Visual Support

Provide face-to-face explanations

Offer one-to-one support if needed

Allow audio instructions

Use flow charts or checklists

Written Support

Allow spell-check tools

Allow speech-to-text software

Give visual schedules

Break large tasks into smaller tasks

Time Management Support

Allow extra processing time

Use calendar alerts

Set check-in meetings

Practical Support

Offer keyboard use instead of handwriting

Allow quiet workspace

Provide step-by-step task sheets

Task Planning

Write instructions in the exact order required

Avoid giving too many instructions at once

Provide examples of completed work


9️ If You Are a Manager – What Can You Do?

Speak privately and respectfully

Ask: “What support helps you work best?”

Involve HR if reasonable adjustments are needed

Encourage Access to Work (if in UK) or workplace accommodations (US)

Support should be:

Practical

Reasonable

Respectful

Confidential


🔟 If You Are a Colleague – How Can You Help?

Be patient

Avoid rushing them

Share notes from meetings

Do not mock spelling or organisation

Offer help without being patronising

Inclusion helps everyone.


1️1️ Examples of Jobs with the Right Support

People with dyslexia or dyspraxia can work in almost any job with the right support.

Examples:

Creative Roles

Graphic designer

Photographer

Film editor

Social media content creator

Practical / Hands-on Jobs

Mechanic

Electrician

Chef

Hairdresser

Big-Picture Thinking Jobs

Entrepreneur

Project planner

Business owner

Architect

Support & People Roles

Teaching assistant

Youth worker

Support worker

Trainer

With structured support, many also succeed in:

Administration

Healthcare

Law

IT

Civil service

Strengths often include:

Problem-solving

Creativity

Visual thinking

Determination

Empathy


1️2️ Case Example

Example 1:
A worker takes a long time replying to emails.

Support:

Provide email templates

Allow voice dictation

Set clear response priorities

Example 2:
A worker struggles with organisation.

Support:

Daily checklist

Clear task order

Weekly one-to-one planning session


1️3️ Key Message

Dyslexia and Dyspraxia are differences, not lack of ability.

With:

Clear instructions

Structured support

Reasonable adjustments

Patience and understanding

People can thrive in the workplace.


That is a very insightful point. You've touched on what many experts call "Interest-Based Nervous Systems."

For most people, the ability to focus is like a dial they can turn up or down based on importance. But for those of us with ADHD and Autism, it’s often more like a light switch: it's either fully ON (Hyperfocus) or completely OFF (Executive Dysfunction), with very little middle ground.

Why "The Task" Matters So Much

The reason your focus varies so much depending on the activity usually comes down to three things:

Dopamine Rewards: If a task is interesting, new, or challenging in a "fun" way, your brain gets a hit of dopamine. This allows you to focus for hours (Hyperfocus). If the task is "boring" (like laundry or filing), your brain literally lacks the chemicals needed to "start the engine."

The Dyspraxia "Barrier": If a task involves complex motor skills (like cooking a meal with many steps), your brain knows it's going to be physically and mentally exhausting. You might "procrastinate," but really, your brain is just trying to protect you from the massive energy drain it anticipates.

The "Double-Tasking" Tax: If you are in a meeting (Task 1) and also trying to decode a written handout (Task 2: Dyslexia) while ignoring a flickering light (Task 3: Sensory), your "focus battery" drains in minutes rather than hours.


The "Task Breakdown" Reality


Type of Task

Why it feels hard

Why it might feel easy

Repetitive/Daily (Cleaning, Admin)

No "dopamine reward"; feels like a mountain of small, Provide report templates

Give extra time for written work

Memory Support

Send follow-up email after meetings

Break tasks into smaller steps

Encourage use of digital reminders


8️ How to Support Someone with Dyspraxia

Organisation Support

Provide structured daily plans

Use clear deadlines

annoying steps.

Social/Busy (Meetings, Parties)

High "sensory noise"; too many streams of info to track at once.

If you have a specific role or "job" to do within the group.

Export to Sheets

Working With Your Brain, Not Against It

Since you know your focus is "task-dependent," one of the best things you can do is "Batching." If you know a task is going to be a "high-energy" one (like something involving coordination or heavy reading), try to do it during your peak brain hours and give yourself "recovery time" afterward where you don't expect yourself to focus at all.

Since you mentioned that focusing for too long is hard, do you find that you have a specific "time limit" before your brain starts to shut down, or does it happen suddenly?

 

 


 

y—is actually a well-documented shift in how neurodivergence presents over a lifetime.

1. The "Internalization" of Hyperactivity

In many people, the "H" in ADHD (Hyperactivity) doesn't actually go away; it just moves.

  • Childhood: It looks like running, jumping, and being unable to sit still.
  • Adulthood: It often turns into internal restlessness. Your body might look calm in a meeting, but your brain is "pacing the floor," racing through thoughts, or feeling a sense of mental agitation. This can be even more exhausting because you are using energy to mask the urge to move.

2. The Epilepsy Connection

The fact that your hyperactivity settled down after you stopped your epilepsy medication at age 12 is a very specific and interesting observation. There are a few reasons why this might have happened:

  • Medication Side Effects: Some anti-seizure medications (ASMs) can actually affect mood and energy levels. Coming off them may have allowed your nervous system to find a new "baseline."
  • Brain Development: Age 12 is a major "re-wiring" period for the brain (the start of puberty). For many people with childhood epilepsy, the brain undergoes significant changes during this time that can alter how ADHD symptoms are expressed.
  • The "Post-Seizure" Battery: Even if you no longer have seizures, the history of epilepsy can sometimes leave the brain with a "smaller battery" for processing. This might explain why you don't have the "excess energy" anymore—your brain is using all its fuel just to keep up with the mental demands of a busy room.

3. The Classroom/Meeting Struggle

The reason you still need support in busy environments (like meetings or classrooms) is that Inattentive ADHD and Dyspraxia are still very much active.

  • Auditory Processing: In a busy room, your brain has to work overtime to filter out background noise to hear the speaker. For a neurodivergent brain, this is like trying to listen to a whisper in a hurricane.
  • Cognitive Load: Between the Dyslexia (processing written info) and ADHD (staying on task), your "mental RAM" gets full very quickly. Once it's full, you might feel "spaced out" or fatigued, which is the opposite of being hyperactive.

A Strategy for Meetings/Classrooms

Since your struggle is now more about mental stamina than physical energy, have you ever tried "Low-Stakes Fidgeting"?

Even if you don't feel "hyper," using a small, quiet fidget toy or even doodling can actually "give" your ADHD brain just enough stimulation to stay anchored in the room without becoming overwhelmed by the "busy" atmosphere.

Since you mentioned needing support in meetings, would you like to explore some "hidden" accommodations or tools that help with focus without being obvious to others?

The "Fog" of Phenobarbital

You were right to trust your gut—Phenobarbital is one of the oldest seizure medications, and while it was effective at stopping fits, it is notorious for its "sedative" and "cognitive" side effects.

  • The "Walking Blackout": What you described—losing your sense of direction and nearly being hit by cars—is a terrifying side effect where the medication slows the brain's processing speed so much that you can't map your surroundings.
  • The Paradox: It makes sense that it made you sleepy during the day but "hyper" at night. It can disrupt the brain’s natural rhythm, leading to a state of "toxic" exhaustion where you are too tired to function but too chemically altered to rest properly.
  • The Change to Lamotrigine: Lamotrigine is a much "cleaner" and more modern medication. It’s often used because it has a "mood-stabilizing" effect and doesn't usually cause that heavy, drugged feeling. It’s no wonder you felt like you "woke up" and started learning better once the Phenobarbital was gone.

The "Petit Mal" and Stress Connection

You mentioned that worry causes your "Petit Mal" fits (now more commonly called Absence Seizures). This is a very common trigger.

  • When you are stressed or anxious (often because of the Dyspraxia or ADHD making a task difficult), your brain's electrical activity becomes more chaotic.
  • For someone with a history of epilepsy, that stress acts like a "spark" that can lead to a brief "drop-out" or absence.

"That Isn't the Real You"

That is perhaps the most profound thing you wrote. When people judge someone who is lost, confused, or struggling to follow an instruction, they are judging the disability or the medication, not the person.

Your writing serves as a vital reminder to society:

  • Compassion over Judgment: If someone looks lost, they aren't "going round the bend"; they might be fighting a neurological battle no one can see.
  • The Importance of Advocacy: Your suggestion to keep a diary of side effects is excellent advice. It empowers people to tell their doctors, "This medication is stealing my life," just as you realized yours was.

Your Role as a Peer Supporter

By sharing your email and your story, you are acting as a Peer Advocate. Your lived experience with the "wrong" medication gives you an insight that many doctors don't even have. You understand the fear of not knowing where you are, even on a street you've walked a hundred times.

Since you’ve experienced such a big change in your ability to learn since switching medications, would you like to talk about any specific learning goals or hobbies you're pursuing now that the "fog" has lifted?

 

It is a powerful feeling when the "fog" finally lifts and you realize that the struggles you had weren't because of a lack of ability, but because of the heavy chemical weight you were carrying.

The fact that you began to learn better in your teens, after leaving the rigid environment of school and moving away from those strong medications, shows how much environment and well-being matter for a neurodivergent brain. When you are no longer in a "blackout" state, you can finally start to explore who you actually are and what you are capable of.

Since you mentioned that you now feel more aware of the world and are learning better, it’s like you’ve been given a second chance to engage with your interests on your own terms.

Is there a particular subject, craft, or skill that you’ve enjoyed learning about recently now that you have more mental clarity?

 


Recognize helpful support strategies

  • Demonstrate understanding through a short quiz

Processing Information Difficulty

Also often called Processing Disorder, Cognitive Processing Difficulty, or Learning Processing Difficulty.

Key points to include:

  • Affects the brain’s ability to take in, understand, or respond to information efficiently.
  • Can impact reading, writing, numbers, following instructions, and memory.
  • Often co-occurs with Dyslexia, ADHD, and Dyspraxia.

 

  • Slide 1 – TitlePeople may appear slower at tasks but can have normal or above-average intelligence.
  • Strength-based approach:
    • Visual supports
    • Repetition and chunking
    • Clear instructions

 . Easy Read PowerPoint (outline with slides)

Here’s a simple structure with clear headings, short text, and visuals/symbols suggestions you can add when making slides in PowerPoint:

Navigating the Challenges

Since these conditions impact your energy and "functional planning," here are a few ways to bridge that gap:

1.             The "Low-Friction" Life: Since cooking and cleaning are hard on your motor skills and energy, look for "hacks" that reduce the physical demand. This might mean using pre-chopped veg, electric can openers, or "body doubling" (having someone sit with you while you do a task).

2.           Sensory Auditing: Identifying your "sensory triggers" (like certain types of lighting or the hum of a fridge) can help you reduce the baseline stress your nervous system feels.

Self-Compassion: It is important to acknowledge that your "battery" is


 


 

 


3.           smaller than a neurotypical person's because your brain is constantly "overclocking" just to manage basic coordination and processing.


It takes a lot of resilience to navigate a world that isn't built for your specific way of moving and thinking. Your description of Dyspraxia as a "hidden physical condition" is very accurate—it’s a physical reality that starts in the brain.

Would you like me to help you brainstorm some specific "low-energy" strategies for one of those daily tasks, like simplified cooking or an organized shopping routine?

It is fascinating (and very common) for the "flavor" of ADHD to change as you get older, especially when there is a history of epilepsy involved.

If turned into a routine or paired with a podcast (stimulation).

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