Wednesday, 4 February 2026

A – Abuse (Including Child Abuse)

 


What Is Abuse?

Abuse is when someone uses power to hurt or control another person.

Abuse can be:

emotional

physical

sexual

psychological

neglect

Abuse can happen to children and adults.


Child Abuse (Very Important)

Child abuse is when an adult or older child harms a child.

This includes:

sexual abuse

physical harm

emotional harm

neglect

Children do not cause abuse.
Children do not invite abuse.
Children cannot consent to abuse.


Why Child Abuse Is So Hidden

Young children:

do not understand what is happening

may not have words to explain

may be scared of getting into trouble

may be threatened or manipulated

may be told it is “a secret”

This is why abuse can go on for a long time.


Sexual Abuse of Children

Sexual abuse is when a child is involved in sexual acts they do not understand and cannot agree to.

It can be:

touching

exposure   

online abuse

exploitation

Most abuse is done by someone the child knows, not strangers.


How Abuse Affects Children’s Mental Health

Abuse can affect a child:

sense of safety

trust in adults

emotions

learning

behavior

Later in life, this may show as:

anxiety

depression

PTSD

self-blame

difficulty with relationships

These are injuries, not weaknesses.


Abuse Is About Power and Control

Research shows abuse happens because:

the abuser wants power

the abuser wants control

the abuser chooses secrecy

Children are targeted because they are vulnerable.


Important Truth

Abuse is not:

love

discipline

a mistake

caused by stress

Abuse is a choice.


Signs a Child May Be Struggling

Children may show abuse through:

behaviors changes

fear

withdrawal

regression (bedwetting, thumb-sucking)

anger or distress

sexualized behaviors beyond their age

Children often show, not tell.


Adult Responsibility

It is never the child’s job to:

explain clearly

report properly

go to the police

protect themselves

Adults must:

listen

notice

believe

act

Easy Read PowerPoint Understanding Abuse and Why It Is Never Okay

Slide 1: Title

Understanding Abuse

Abuse is when someone hurts or controls another person.

Abuse is NOT okay.


Slide 2: What Is Abuse?

Abuse can happen in different ways.

Abuse can be:

  • Psychological
  • Emotional
  • Physical
  • Sexual
  • Financial
  • Controlling behaviour

Slide 3: Why Abuse Happens

Most abuse is about:

  • Power
  • Control

It is not about love or care.


Slide 4: Psychological Abuse

Psychological abuse can hurt people inside.

It can cause:

  • Fear
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Low confidence
  • Illness caused by stress

Slide 5: Important to Know

Explaining abuse does NOT excuse abuse.

Understanding abuse helps keep people safe.


Slide 6: Why We Talk About Abuse

We talk about abuse to:

  • Spot abuse early
  • Protect people
  • Stop harm

This does NOT make abuse okay.


Slide 7: No Excuses

Abuse is always a choice.

Abuse is always the abuser’s responsibility.


Slide 8: Key Message

Understanding abuse helps prevent harm.

Abuse is NEVER okay.


Optional Slide 9: Get Help

If someone is being abused:

Tell a trusted adult or professional

Contact local support services

Call emergency services if in danger

 

 

Easy Read Version – Effects of Childhood Abuse & Getting Support

 

💙 You are not alone
💙 Abuse can affect both your mind and body
💙 Support is available for all ages


How Abuse Can Affect People

1.             Difficult emotions

  • Feeling sad, anxious, angry, or irritable
  • Mood swings and distressing thoughts
  • Sometimes thoughts about suicide

2.           Feeling alone / Trust issues

  • Hard to trust people as an adult
  • Fear of being hurt or rejected
  • Might isolate yourself or become overly dependent

3.           Shame and guilt

  • Feeling responsible for what happened
  • Low self-esteem or self-criticism
  • Perfectionism or feeling “not good enough”

4.           Feeling powerless

  • Hard to say “no” or assert your needs
  • Might act aggressively or try to control others
  • Some develop eating disorders as a way to regain control

5.           Sexual difficulties

  • Physical contact may feel scary
  • Intimacy can be challenging

6.           Anxiety

  • Feeling “on guard” or hyper-vigilant
  • Fear of danger or panic attacks
  • Phobias may develop

7.           Nightmares and flashbacks

  • Memories of abuse may feel real
  • Sights, smells, or sounds may trigger trauma
  • Traumatic memories may stay active in your mind

8.           Dissociation

  • Feeling “disconnected” or like daydreaming
  • May have gaps in memory or feel outside your body
  • Can be triggered by reminders of trauma

9.           Memory problems

  • Difficulty recalling certain events
  • Some memories may surface later in life

10.   Coping challenges

  • Some survivors may turn to:
    • Alcohol or drugs
    • Gambling or overspending
    • Eating disorders
    • Self-harm
    • OCD or other risky behaviours

💙 Important: These reactions are normal responses to trauma. Your mind is protecting you.


Getting Help and Support

United Kingdom (UK)

  • NSPCC: 0808 800 5000
  • Childline: 0800 1111
  • Refuge (domestic abuse): 0808 2000 247
  • Rape Crisis: 0808 802 9999
  • Victim Support: 08 08 16 89 111

United States (USA)

  • Childhelp (child abuse): 1-800-422-4453
  • RAINN (sexual violence): 1-800-656-4673 / Online Chat
  • Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE / Text 88788
  • SAMHSA Helpline (mental health): 1-800-662-4357

Australia

  • Child Wise: childwise.org.au
  • 1800RESPECT (sexual/domestic abuse): 1800 737 732
  • Lifeline: 13 11 14

Worldwide

  • Child Helpline International: childhelplineinternational.org
  • RAINN International: rainn.org/get-help/international
  • Befrienders Worldwide: befrienders.org
  • UNICEF Child Protection: unicef.org/protection

💙 Tips:

  • You can contact support anonymously
  • You do not need to wait for an adult
  • Support is free and confidential
  • Seeking help is a sign of strength

Easy Read / Accessible Version – Global Abuse Support

Title: Help and Support for Abuse

💙 You are not alone
💙 Support is available for all ages
💙 You can get help safely and confidentially


United Kingdom (UK)

Child Abuse / Safeguarding

  • NSPCC: 0808 800 5000 / Text: 88858
  • Childline (under 19s): 0800 1111

Domestic & Sexual Abuse

  • Refuge: 0808 2000 247
  • Rape Crisis: 0808 802 9999

Adult Support

  • Victim Support: 08 08 16 89 111

United States (USA)

Child Abuse

  • Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline: 1-800-422-4453

Domestic & Sexual Violence

  • RAINN: 1-800-656-4673 / Online Chat
  • National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) / Text “START” to 88788

Mental Health & Trauma

  • SAMHSA Helpline: 1-800-662-4357

Australia

Child Abuse / Protection

Domestic / Sexual Violence

  • 1800RESPECT: 1800 737 732

Crisis Support

  • Lifeline Australia: 13 11 14

Worldwide / Global

Child Helplines

  • Child Helpline International (contacts worldwide): https://www.childhelplineinternational.org

International Domestic & Sexual Abuse

  • RAINN International Resources: https://www.rainn.org/get-help/international

Mental Health & Crisis


Tips for Using These Services

  • You do not need to wait for an adult to help you
  • You can be anonymous
  • You can call, text, or chat online
  • There is no shame in asking for help
  • Help is free

PowerPoint Slide Version (ready to paste)

Slide 1 – Title:
Help and Support for Abuse

Slide 2 – UK Services:

  • NSPCC: 0808 800 5000 / 88858
  • Childline: 0800 1111
  • Refuge: 0808 2000 247
  • Rape Crisis: 0808 802 9999
  • Victim Support: 08 08 16 89 111

Slide 3 – USA Services:

  • Childhelp: 1-800-422-4453
  • RAINN: 1-800-656-4673 / Online Chat
  • Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE / Text 88788
  • SAMHSA: 1-800-662-4357

Slide 4 – Australia Services:

Slide 5 – Global Services:

  • Child Helpline International: childhelplineinternational.org
  • RAINN International: rainn.org/get-help/international
  • Befrienders Worldwide: befrienders.org
  • UNICEF Child Protection: unicef.org/protection

Slide 6 – Key Messages:

  • You are not alone
  • You can get help safely
  • All ages can seek support
  • Help is free and confidential

Printable / One-Page Sheet Version

  • Same content as Easy Read, condensed into a single page
  • Can add icons: phone 📞, text 💬, chat 💻, website 🌐
  • Can print color-coded by country

 Easy Read Module Children, Abuse, Safety & Mental Health Giving Children a Voice – Educating AdultsTop of Form

🌱 Module Overview (Easy Read)

This module explains:

Why very young children need a voice

Why abuse can and does happen to small children

Why adults must protect, monitor, and listen

How seeing or hearing abuse affects children

Why awareness has improved but is still not enough

This learning is for:

Students

Staff

Parents

Professionals

Managers

Anyone responsible for children or young people


🧒 Small Children Are Not “Too Young”

Some people believe:

Abuse does not happen to small children

Very young children would not understand

Children would say something if it happened

This is not true.

Very young children:

Feel fear

Feel pain

Feel confusion

Feel distress

Even if they cannot explain it in words.


🗣️ Small Children Need Adults to Be Their Voice

Small children:

May not have language

May not understand what is wrong

May be scared of adults

May be taught not to speak

This means:

Silence does not mean safety

Adults must notice signs

Adults must listen

Adults must protect

Safeguarding is an adult responsibility.


Disabled & Special Needs Children

Disabled children and children with additional needs:

Are more vulnerable, not less

May rely on adults for care

May communicate differently

May be misunderstood or ignored

They need:

Extra protection

Respect

Careful monitoring

Adults who believe them


👦👧 Boys and Girls Both Need Protection

Abuse:

Happens to girls and boys

Happens in all families

Happens in all communities

Boys:

Are often told to be “strong”

May be less believed

May be less likely to speak

All children deserve:

Safety

Protection

To be taken seriously


🏠 Seeing and Hearing Abuse Harms Children

A child does not have to be touched to be harmed.

Children can be harmed by:

Hearing arguments

Seeing violence

Watching a parent being hurt

Living in fear

Even if the child is never directly hit.

This is called emotional and psychological harm.


👨‍👩‍👧 Family Change and Distress (Easy Read)

Parents do not always stay together.

This can mean:

Arguments

Tension

Fear

Loss

Uncertainty

Children may:

Blame themselves

Feel unsafe

Carry stress into school and adulthood

Support matters.


🕰️ Past Lack of Support (Before the 1990s)

In the past:

Mental health was not talked about

Abuse was hidden

Children were told to stay quiet

Adults were not trained

Many children:

Had no voice

Were not believed

Did not get help until adulthood


🌍 Today: More Awareness, Still Not Enough

Today:

We know more about trauma

We talk more about mental health

Safeguarding rules exist

But:

Abuse still happens

Some children are still not heard

Some adults still believe old myths

Awareness must turn into action.


🧠 Key Easy Read Message

“Children do not need to understand abuse
for abuse to harm them.”


🎓 College & University Version (Easy Read)

Many students:

Experienced harm very young

Never had the words to explain it

Are only now understanding what happened

Education settings must:

Offer counselling

Understand childhood trauma

Avoid judgement

Train staff properly

Provide safe reporting systems


College & University Questions (Easy Read)

Can very young children be harmed even if they cannot explain it? (Yes / No)

Why might students only understand their experiences later in life?

What support should colleges and universities provide?


🏢 Workplace Version (Easy Read)

Many adults at work:

Carry trauma from childhood

Grew up with little support

Were told not to talk

Workplaces should:

Offer refresher training

Take bullying and abuse seriously

Support mental health

Protect dignity and safety

Managers should:

Update old beliefs

Listen without judgement

Act to protect people


Workplace Questions (Easy Read)

Can childhood trauma affect adults at work? (Yes / No)

Why must adults monitor children’s safety?

Who is responsible for safeguarding children?


🌱 Final Easy Read Reflection

“Children need protection, not silence.
Adults need education, not excuses.”


📘 STARTING NOW: Easy Read Module (Level 1 – Text) You can copy-paste this straight into Word.  Easy Read Module: Understanding Abuse and Mental Health Important Message

 


Abuse is never the victim’s fault.
No one has to forgive someone who hurt them.

This module helps people understand, not excuse.


What Is Abuse?

Abuse is when someone hurts or controls another person.

Abuse can be:

  • emotional
  • physical
  • sexual
  • psychological
  • financial
  • neglect

Abuse can happen to:

  • children
  • adults
  • disabled people
  • older people

Why Do Some People Abuse Others?

Some people abuse others because they want power and control.

They may:

  • want to feel in charge
  • feel scared of losing control
  • feel insecure about themselves

Learned Behaviour

Some people grew up:

  • seeing abuse
  • being abused

They may learn that hurting others gives control.

This explains behaviors — it does not excuse it.


Lack of Empathy

Some people:

  • do not understand other people’s feelings
  • do not feel guilty about harm

They may blame others instead of taking responsibility.


Manipulation

Abusers may:

  • lie
  • confuse people
  • make people doubt themselves
  • stop people seeing friends or family

This is done on purpose to keep control.


Abuse Is a Choice on the abuser's part 

Abuse Is a Choice

Abuse is not:

  • stress
  • anger alone
  • mental illness by itself

Abuse is a choice someone makes.


For Victims and Families

  • You did nothing wrong
  • You do not have to forgive
  • You deserve safety and support

Getting Help

If someone is being abused:

  • tell a trusted person
  • contact support services
  • call emergency services if in danger

🌱 Gentle Reality Check (Just for You)

That “why do people do this?” question often comes when someone is:

  • processing
  • healing
  • reclaiming understanding

It doesn’t mean you’re excusing anything.
It means you’re thinking clearly now — and that matters.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

📘 Easy Read Module Children, Stress, Bullying & Mental Health Understanding the Past – Improving the Present

🌱 Module Overview (Easy Read)

This module explains:

Why children were often told to be “seen and not heard”

How children were affected by stress at home

Why bullying between children happened

Why adults did not always understand mental health

How awareness has improved — and why more change is still needed


🧒 Children Knew More Than Adults Realised

In the past:

Adults often believed children did not understand adult problems

Children were expected to stay quiet

Adults believed children should not talk about difficult things

But in reality:

Children heard arguments

Children saw distress

Children felt fear and worry

Children understood more than adults thought

Children did not always have the words to explain how they felt.


🏠 Stress at Home Affected Children

Before the 1990s:

Mental health support was limited

Families had little help

Stress, anger, and fear were often hidden

Children may have:

Witnessed arguments between parents

Seen violence or emotional distress

Felt unsafe or anxious

Had no one to talk to

This stress did not disappear at school.


⚠️ Why Bullying Between Children Happened

Some children:

Were carrying stress from home

Did not feel safe anywhere

Had no support

Did not know how to express feelings

Because of this:

Feelings came out as anger

Some children took it out on others

Bullying became a way to cope

This does not excuse bullying,
but it helps us understand why it happened.


🧑‍🏫 Why Adults Missed the Signs

Many adults:

Were not trained in mental health

Did not understand trauma

Believed discipline solved problems

Did not know how to listen safely

Some adults:

Ignored bullying

Minimized abuse

Caused harm themselves

Believed silence meant things were fine

This was not always about cruelty —
it was often about lack of knowledge.


🌍 What Has Improved

Since the 1990s:

Mental health awareness has grown

Counselling is more available

Safeguarding rules exist

Disability and learning differences are better understood

People now talk more openly about:

Anxiety and depression

Trauma and abuse

Bullying and safeguarding

Children’s rights


🚧 But We Still Have a Long Way to Go

Even today:

Some people are still afraid to speak up

Bullying still happens

Mental health support is not equal for everyoneAwareness has improved,

but action must keep improving too.


🧠 Key Easy Read Message

“Children were not ignorant.
They were coping without support.”


🎓 College & University Version (Easy Read)

Many students:

Carry stress from childhood

Were never supported at school

Only now feel safe asking for help

Colleges and universities must:

Take mental health seriously

Understand past experiences

Avoid blaming students

Provide safe reporting systems

Train staff properly


College & University Questions (Easy Read)

Why might students still be affected by childhood stress?

Did children understand more than adults realized? (Yes / No)

Why is mental health support important in education?


🏢 Workplace Version (Easy Read)

Many adults at work:

Grew up with little mental health support

Learned to hide emotions

Were told to “get on with it”

Never received education about trauma

Workplaces should:

Offer refresher training

Update old attitudes

Support mental wellbeing

Take bullying seriously

Managers should remember:

Past silence does not mean past safety

Stress can affect behaviour

Support reduces harm


Workplace Questions (Easy Read)

Can childhood stress affect adults at work? (Yes / No)

Why is refresher training important for staff trained long ago?

What should a workplace do if bullying happens?


🌱 Final Reflection (Easy Read)

“Understanding the past helps us protect people today.”


 

Top of Form

Bottom of Form

 

 

 

📘 Easy Read Module Bullying, Abuse, Mental Health & Support Learning from the Past – Protecting People Today

🌱 Module Overview (Easy Read)

This module is about:

Bullying and abuse

Mental health and wellbeing

Why children and students did not always feel safe to speak up

Why staff were not always trained to deal with bullying and abuse

How we can do better today

Many adults were not educated about:

Mental health

Disability

Trauma

Children’s rights

This meant bullying and abuse often:

Went unnoticed

Were ignored

Were not reported

Were not believed


🕰️ Looking Back: What Happened Before (Easy Read)

In the past:

Children were often told to be quiet

Children were expected to obey adults

Some adults believed

“Children are seen and not heard”

Because of this:

Children were scared to report bullying or abuse

Adults did not always listen

Some staff caused harm themselves

Mental health was not understood

Many people did not see a counsellor or get support until college or adulthood.


⚠️ Why This Was a Problem

When bullying or abuse is ignored:

Children feel unsafe

Children feel ashamed

Mental health gets worse

Learning becomes harder

Trust in adults is lost

Silence does not mean nothing is wrong.
Silence often means someone is afraid.


🌍 What Has Changed (Easy Read)

Today, we understand more about:

Mental health

Disability and learning differences

Trauma and abuse

Safeguarding

Children’s and students’ rights

There are now:

Counsellors

Safeguarding rules

Anti-bullying policies

Mental health support

But:

Not everyone is trained

Some attitudes are outdated

Some people still do not feel safe to speak up


🧠 Key Message

“Not knowing in the past is understandable.
Not learning now is not.”


🎓 College Version (Easy Read)

What this means in colleges

Some students:

Were bullied at school

Did not get support as children

Carry trauma into adulthood

Colleges should:

Offer counselling

Take bullying seriously

Support mental health

Listen and believe students

Make reasonable adjustments

Students have the right to:

Safety

Respect

Support

Being heard


College Questions (Easy Read)

Why might some students struggle because of past bullying?

Is it okay to ask for mental health support at college? (Yes / No)

Who can students talk to if they feel unsafe?

Abuse Awareness & Prevention — Core Principles and Modular Curriculum Framework


I. Core Safety Principles (All Ages)

Body Autonomy
No one has the right to touch you if you do not want them to.

Right to Safety
You have a right to feel safe at home, work, school, and in the community.

Boundaries
It is okay to say “NO” to touch that makes you uncomfortable — even to loved ones, peers, or caregivers.

Trusted Adults
Always seek out someone you trust to listen if you need help deciding whether a situation is safe or unsafe.

Believe Disclosures
If someone reports abuse, believe them and take it seriously. False reports are rare.


II. Modular Curriculum Topics (Age-Appropriate)

1. Young Children (Pre-K to Elementary)

Body Safety Rules
“Say No — Get Away — Tell Someone — Be Believed.”

Private Parts
Learning which parts of the body are private.

Safe vs. Unsafe Touch
Understanding the difference between appropriate affection and abusive touch.

Identifying Trusted Adults
Creating a safety network — mapping who children can talk to.


2. Teenagers (Middle & High School)

Healthy vs. Unhealthy Relationships
Recognizing respect, consent, and relationship red flags.

Digital Safety & Abuse
Cyberbullying, sexting risks, online grooming, exploitation, and digital citizenship.

Teen Dating Violence & Harassment
Consent, coercion, pressure, and respectful boundaries.

Human Trafficking Awareness
Recognizing grooming, recruitment tactics, and risk situations.


3. Adults, Caregivers & Professionals

Types of Abuse

Physical abuse

Emotional / verbal abuse

Psychological abuse

Sexual abuse

Financial exploitation

Recognizing Indicators

Physical signs

Behavioral changes

Emotional distress signals

Mandated Reporting

How to report

When to report

Where to report

Legal obligations and protections

Trauma-Informed Care

Understanding ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences)

Impact of trauma on development and behavior

Creating Safe Environments

Organizational safeguarding policies

Staff screening and vetting

Monitoring and supervision systems


III. Key Questions for Abuse Awareness & Prevention

Understanding Abuse

What is the difference between healthy expression and exploitative or harmful behavior?

What are the signs and symptoms of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse?

What is “grooming,” and what does it look like in schools, sports, or youth groups?

How do stereotypes or bias affect how abuse is recognized or ignored?


Taking Action & Safety

Who are my 3–5 trusted adults if I feel unsafe?

What should I do if a friend discloses abuse?

How do I set boundaries and respect others’ boundaries?

What are the steps to report suspected abuse?

Can reports be made anonymously?


For Parents & Professionals

Is my organization’s child protection / safeguarding policy current?

Do all staff understand reporting procedures?

Do I know how to respond to a disclosure?

Do:

Stay calm

Listen

Believe

Reassure

Report appropriately

Don’t:

Press for details

Investigate yourself

Confront the alleged offender


IV. Resources for Further Learning

MBF Child Safety Matters & Teen Safety Matters — Comprehensive school safety curricula

Enough Abuse Campaign — Adult awareness and prevention training

SafeSport Trained — Sports safeguarding education

Project iGuardian — Online safety and exploitation prevention


 🟢 Easy Read Questions — Level 1

Writing

Abuse Awareness — Easy Read Questions (Level 1)

Name: _______________________
Date: _______________________


1. Your Body

Who does your body belong to?

☐ Your friends
☐ Everyone
☐ You


2. Saying NO

Is it okay to say NO to touch you do not like?

☐ Yes
☐ No


3. Feeling Safe

You should feel safe:

☐ Only at school
☐ Only at home
☐ Everywhere


4. Trusted Adults

Circle people you can tell if you feel unsafe:

Parent / Carer
Teacher
Police Officer
Stranger Online


5. Body Safety Rule

Fill in the missing word:

Say NO — Get Away — Tell __________


6. Private Parts

Private parts are covered by:

☐ Hat
☐ Underwear
☐ Shoes


7. Safe or Unsafe Touch?

A hug you want is:

☐ Safe
☐ Unsafe


8. Safe or Unsafe Touch?

Secret touching is:

☐ Safe
☐ Unsafe


9. Online Safety

Should you share private photos online?

☐ Yes
☐ No


10. If Someone Tells You About Abuse

What should you do?

☐ Ignore them
☐ Laugh
☐ Listen and tell a trusted adult


Remember

Abuse is never your fault.
You can always get help.


🟡 Easy Read Questions — Level 2

(Level 2 = slightly more thinking, scenarios, and understanding)

Writing

Abuse Awareness — Easy Read Questions (Level 2)

Name: _______________________
Date: _______________________


1. Body Autonomy

What does body autonomy mean?

☐ Anyone can touch you
☐ You choose what happens to your body
☐ Only adults decide


2. Boundaries

Is it okay to say NO to a family member if touch feels uncomfortable?

☐ Yes
☐ No


3. Healthy vs Unhealthy Behavior

Which is healthy?

☐ Respecting someone’s NO
☐ Forcing hugs
☐ Keeping touch secrets


4. Grooming

Grooming can include:

☐ Giving gifts to gain trust
☐ Asking for secrets
☐ Isolating someone
☐ All of the above


5. Online Safety

Someone online asks for a private photo. What should you do?

☐ Send it
☐ Ignore and tell a trusted adult
☐ Keep it secret


6. Helping a Friend

A friend says they are being hurt. What should you do?

☐ Keep it secret
☐ Tell a trusted adult
☐ Do nothing


7. Types of Abuse

Circle the types of abuse:

Physical
Emotional
Financial
Kindness


8. Reporting Abuse

Can abuse be reported anonymously in some cases?

☐ Yes
☐ No


9. Responding to Disclosure

What should you do first?

☐ Stay calm and listen
☐ Ask lots of questions
☐ Confront the abuser


10. Safety Networks

List 3 trusted adults you can talk to:








Key Message

You deserve to feel safe.
Speaking up helps keep people safe.

 

 

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