Saturday, 8 November 2025

A to Z conditions

 

Table of Contents – Common Medical Conditions (A–Z)

Chapter A – Common Medical Conditions (✅ done)
Chapter B – Common Medical Conditions (✅ done)
Chapter C – Common Medical Conditions (next to create)
Chapter D – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter E – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter F – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter G – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter H – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter I – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter J – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter K – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter M – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter N – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter O – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter P – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter Q – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter R – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter S – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter T – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter U – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter V – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter W – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter X – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter Y – Common Medical Conditions
Chapter Z – Common Medical Conditions


🩺 Chapter A – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

  • A swelling or bulge in the main blood vessel (aorta) in the belly area.

  • Can be very serious if it bursts.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS – Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening

  • USA: CDC Heart & Vascular Disease Resources

  • Australia: Healthdirect – Aortic Aneurysm Information

Acanthosis Nigricans

  • A dark, thick, or velvety patch of skin, often on the neck, armpits, or groin.

  • May be linked to diabetes or hormone problems.
    Support:

  • UK: Diabetes UK

  • USA: American Diabetes Association

  • Australia: Diabetes Australia

Achalasia

  • A rare problem where the tube from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus) has trouble moving food down.

  • Can cause swallowing problems, chest pain, or vomiting.
    Support:

  • UK: Guts UK Charity

  • USA: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

  • Australia: Oesophageal Atresia & Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula Australia

Acne

  • Spots, pimples, or blackheads on the skin caused by blocked pores.

  • Common in teenagers and young adults.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS and British Skin Foundation

  • USA: American Academy of Dermatology

  • Australia: Skin Health Institute

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)

  • A fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow.

  • Common in children but can affect anyone.
    Support:

  • UK: Leukaemia Care UK

  • USA: Leukemia & Lymphoma Society

  • Australia: Leukaemia Foundation

Addison’s Disease

  • A rare illness where the adrenal glands don’t make enough hormones.

  • Causes tiredness, weight loss, and low blood pressure.
    Support:

  • UK: Addison’s Disease Self-Help Group

  • USA: National Adrenal Diseases Foundation

  • Australia: Addison’s Disease Association of Australia

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

  • A condition that affects attention, impulse control, and activity levels.

  • People may find it hard to focus or stay still.
    Support:

  • UK: ADHD Foundation

  • USA: CHADD (Children and Adults with ADHD)

  • Australia: ADHD Australia

Alzheimer’s Disease

  • A type of dementia that slowly damages memory and thinking.

  • Often affects older adults.
    Support:

  • UK: Alzheimer’s Society

  • USA: Alzheimer’s Association

  • Australia: Dementia Australia

Anxiety Disorders

  • Ongoing worry, fear, or nervousness that can affect daily life.

  • Includes panic disorder, phobias, and generalized anxiety.
    Support:

  • UK: Mind | Anxiety UK

  • USA: NAMI | Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA)

  • Australia: Beyond Blue | Lifeline

Appendicitis

  • Inflammation (swelling and infection) of the appendix, a small pouch in your tummy.

  • Needs quick surgery to stop it from bursting.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: Mayo Clinic | Cleveland Clinic

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Arthritis

  • Causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints (like knees or hands).

  • Includes osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Support:

  • UK: Versus Arthritis

  • USA: Arthritis Foundation

  • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Asthma

  • A long-term lung condition that makes it hard to breathe.

  • Triggers can include dust, smoke, exercise, or cold air.
    Support:

  • UK: Asthma + Lung UK

  • USA: Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America

  • Australia: Asthma Australia

Ataxia

  • A condition that affects balance, movement, and coordination.

  • Caused by brain or nerve problems.
    Support:

  • UK: Ataxia UK

  • USA: National Ataxia Foundation

  • Australia: Ataxia Support Group Australia

Autoimmune Diseases

  • When the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy cells by mistake.

  • Includes lupus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes.
    Support:

  • UK: Lupus UK | MS Society | Diabetes UK

  • USA: American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA)

  • Australia: Autoimmune Resource & Research Centre

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

  • A developmental condition that affects how a person communicates and relates to others.

  • People may have different ways of learning and experiencing the world.
    Support:

  • UK: National Autistic Society

  • USA: Autism Speaks

  • Australia: Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect)

Chapter B – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Back Pain

  • Pain, stiffness, or tension in the back.

  • Can be caused by lifting, poor posture, or injury.

  • Most cases improve with rest, movement, and exercise.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Versus Arthritis

  • USA: American Chiropractic Association | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

  • Australia: Health direct | Pain Australia

A – Common Medical Conditions (continued)

Ataxia

    • A condition that affects balance and coordination.

    • People may stumble, fall, or have shaky movements.

    • It can be caused by brain injury, stroke, or certain diseases.
      Support:

    • UK: Ataxia UK

    • USA: National Ataxia Foundation

    • Australia: Ataxia Australia

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

    • A heart condition that causes an irregular and often fast heartbeat.

    • Can make people feel dizzy, tired, or short of breath.

    • Increases risk of stroke if untreated.
      Support:

    • UK: British Heart Foundation (BHF)

    • USA: American Heart Association (AHA)

    • Australia: Heart Foundation

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    • A developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts, and experiences the world.

    • Everyone with autism is different.
      Support:

    • UK: National Autistic Society

    • USA: Autism Society of America

    • Australia: Amaze (Autism Victoria)

Autoimmune Disorders

    • These happen when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells by mistake.

    • Examples include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
      Support:

    • UK: Lupus UK, MS Society

    • USA: Autoimmune Association

    • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Anemia

    • A condition where the blood doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells.

    • This can cause tiredness, weakness, and pale skin.
      Support:

    • UK: NHS and Blood Cancer UK

    • USA: American Society of Hematology

    • Australia: Australian Red Cross Lifeblood

Anorexia Nervosa

    • An eating disorder where people restrict food or over-exercise because of fear of gaining weight.

    • It can be very serious and needs medical and emotional support.
      Support:

    • UK: Beat Eating Disorders

    • USA: NEDA (National Eating Disorders Association)

    • Australia: Butterfly Foundation

Ankylosing Spondylitis

    • A long-term form of arthritis that mainly affects the spine.

    • It can cause stiffness, pain, and trouble moving.
      Support:

    • UK: National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society (NASS)

    • USA: Spondylitis Association of America

    • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Bacterial Infections

  • Caused by harmful bacteria entering the body.

  • Can lead to illnesses like strep throat, pneumonia, or skin infections.

  • Often treated with antibiotics from a doctor.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Public Health England

  • USA: CDC – Bacterial Diseases

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Bipolar Disorder

  • A mental health condition causing extreme mood changes.

  • People can have “highs” (mania) and “lows” (depression).
    Support:

  • UK: Mind | Bipolar UK

  • USA: NAMI | Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA)

  • Australia: Beyond Blue | SANE Australia

🧠 Bipolar II Disorder (Easy Read)

What is Bipolar II Disorder?

    • A mental health condition where mood changes between:

      1. Hypomania – a period of higher energy and elevated mood.

      2. Major depression – a period of low mood and sadness.

Symptoms

  • Hypomania:

    • Feeling very happy, energetic, or productive

    • Less need for sleep

    • Racing thoughts or fast talking

    • Feeling very confident or “grandiose”

    • Taking risks or acting impulsively

    Major Depression:

    • Feeling sad, hopeless, or empty for a long time

    • Losing interest in activities you normally enjoy

    • Changes in appetite or weight

    • Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

    • Feeling very tired or lacking energy

    • Difficulty concentrating

    • Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

Diagnosis

    • Done by a mental health professional.

    • Criteria include:

      • At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode

      • Episodes are not severe enough to be full mania

      • Symptoms are not caused by other medical conditions or substances

Treatment

  • 1. Medications:

    • Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics may help control mood swings.

    2. Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy):

    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

    • Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

    • Helps manage symptoms, improve coping skills, and regulate mood.

    3. Lifestyle Changes:

    • Get enough sleep

    • Eat a healthy diet

    • Exercise regularly

    • Manage stress

Prognosis

    • Bipolar II disorder is chronic, meaning it lasts a long time.

    • With proper treatment, people can live fulfilling lives.

    • Early diagnosis and ongoing support make a big difference.

Additional Information

    • Bipolar II disorder is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.

    • People with bipolar II disorder may have a higher risk of suicide.

    • Professional help is important if you think you or someone you know might have it.

Support

Bladder Infection (Cystitis / UTI)

  • Pain, burning, or needing to pee often.

  • Caused by germs in the bladder or urinary tract.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Bladder Health UK

  • USA: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

  • Australia: Continence Foundation of Australia

Bleeding Disorders (e.g., Haemophilia)

  • The blood does not clot properly, causing long bleeding after injuries.
    Support:

  • UK: Haemophilia Society UK

  • USA: National Hemophilia Foundation

  • Australia: Haemophilia Foundation Australia

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

  • A mental health condition where a person worries a lot about how they look, even if others don’t notice anything wrong.
    Support:

  • UK: Mind | OCD-UK

  • USA: International OCD Foundation

  • Australia: Butterfly Foundation

Bone Cancer

  • A rare cancer that starts in the bones.

  • Can cause pain, swelling, or broken bones.
    Support:

  • UK: Sarcoma UK | Macmillan Cancer Support

  • USA: American Cancer Society | Bone Cancer Research Trust

  • Australia: Cancer Council Australia

Brain Injury (ABI & TBI)

  • ABI (Acquired Brain Injury) happens after birth due to stroke, accident, or illness.

  • TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) is caused by a sudden blow to the head.

  • Can affect memory, movement, emotions, and speech.
    Support:

  • UK: Headway – the Brain Injury Association

  • USA: Brain Injury Association of America

  • Australia: Synapse Australia | Brain Injury Australia

Breast Cancer

  • A common cancer that starts in breast tissue.

  • Can affect women and men.

  • Early checks and mammograms can help find it early.
    Support:

  • UK: Breast Cancer Now | Macmillan Cancer Support

  • USA: Susan G. Komen | American Cancer Society

  • Australia: Breast Cancer Network Australia

Bronchitis

  • Inflammation of the tubes that carry air to your lungs.

  • Causes coughing, chest pain, and mucus.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Asthma + Lung UK

  • USA: American Lung Association

  • Australia: Lung Foundation Australia

Bulimia Nervosa

  • An eating disorder where people eat a lot (binge) and then try to get rid of food (vomit or over-exercise).

  • Often linked to low self-esteem or stress.
    Support:

  • UK: Beat Eating Disorders

  • USA: National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)

  • Australia: Butterfly Foundation

Burnout

  • Feeling very tired, stressed, and unable to cope from too much work or pressure.

  • Can cause anxiety, depression, or physical illness.
    Support:

  • UK: Mind | NHS Mental Health Support

  • USA: Mental Health America | NAMI

  • Australia: Beyond Blue | Black Dog Institute

Bursitis

  • Swelling and pain in the small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints.

  • Common in shoulders, elbows, or hips.
    Support:

  • UK: Versus Arthritis

  • USA: Arthritis Foundation

  • Australia: Healthdirect | Arthritis Australia


🩺 Chapter C – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Cancer (General)

  • Cancer happens when cells in the body grow out of control.

  • It can start anywhere, like the skin, lungs, or bones.

  • Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
    Support:

  • UK: Macmillan Cancer Support | Cancer Research UK

  • USA: American Cancer Society | National Cancer Institute

  • Australia: Cancer Council Australia

Canker Sores (Mouth Ulcers)

  • Small, painful sores inside the mouth or on the tongue.

  • Often caused by stress, minor injury, or certain foods.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | British Dental Association

  • USA: American Dental Association

  • Australia: Healthdirect | Dental Health Foundation

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • A painful condition of the wrist and hand.

  • Happens when a nerve is squeezed in the wrist.

  • Causes numbness, tingling, and weakness.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Versus Arthritis

  • USA: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

  • Australia: Healthdirect | Arthritis Australia

Cataracts

  • Cloudy patches in the lens of the eye that make vision blurry.

  • Common in older adults and can be fixed with surgery.
    Support:

  • UK: RNIB | NHS

  • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology | Prevent Blindness

  • Australia: Vision Australia | Healthdirect

Celiac (Coeliac) Disease

  • A digestive condition where the body reacts badly to gluten (found in wheat, rye, barley).

  • Can cause stomach pain, tiredness, and weight loss.
    Support:

  • UK: Coeliac UK

  • USA: Celiac Disease Foundation

  • Australia: Coeliac Australia

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

  • A condition that affects movement and posture due to brain injury before or after birth.

  • Can cause stiff muscles, poor coordination, or balance problems.
    Support:

  • UK: Scope | Cerebral Palsy UK

  • USA: United Cerebral Palsy (UCP)

  • Australia: Cerebral Palsy Alliance

Chickenpox

  • A common infection causing an itchy rash and small blisters.

  • Mostly affects children.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Public Health England

  • USA: CDC | American Academy of Pediatrics

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS / ME)

  • A long-term illness causing extreme tiredness that doesn’t go away with rest.

  • May include pain, sleep problems, and memory issues.
    Support:

  • UK: Action for ME | ME Association

  • USA: Solve M.E. | CDC ME/CFS Program

  • Australia: Emerge Australia

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • A group of lung diseases like emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

  • Makes breathing hard and causes coughing and wheezing.
    Support:

  • UK: Asthma + Lung UK

  • USA: COPD Foundation

  • Australia: Lung Foundation Australia

Chronic Pain

  • Long-term pain that lasts for months or years.

  • Can come from injuries, arthritis, or nerve problems.
    Support:

  • UK: Pain Concern | NHS

  • USA: American Chronic Pain Association

  • Australia: Pain Australia

Cirrhosis

  • A serious liver disease caused by long-term damage, often from alcohol or hepatitis.

  • Can cause tiredness, yellow skin (jaundice), and swelling.
    Support:

  • UK: British Liver Trust

  • USA: American Liver Foundation

  • Australia: Liver Foundation Australia

Clotting Disorders (e.g., Deep Vein Thrombosis – DVT)

  • Blood clots form in veins, often in the legs.

  • Can be dangerous if they move to the lungs.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Thrombosis UK

  • USA: CDC – Blood Clots | Stop the Clot (NBCA)

  • Australia: Thrombosis Australia

Common Cold

  • A mild viral infection of the nose and throat.

  • Causes runny nose, sore throat, and coughing.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS | Public Health England

  • USA: CDC | American Lung Association

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Concussion

  • A mild brain injury caused by a bump or blow to the head.

  • Can cause headache, confusion, dizziness, or memory loss.
    Support:

  • UK: Headway – Brain Injury Association

  • USA: CDC HEADS UP | Brain Injury Association of America

  • Australia: Brain Injury Australia | Synapse

Crohn’s Disease

  • A long-term condition that causes inflammation of the digestive system.

  • Can cause stomach pain, diarrhoea, and tiredness.
    Support:

  • UK: Crohn’s & Colitis UK

  • USA: Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation

  • Australia: Crohn’s & Colitis Australia

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

  • A genetic condition that affects the lungs and digestion.

  • Causes thick mucus that makes it hard to breathe and digest food.
    Support:

  • UK: Cystic Fibrosis Trust

  • USA: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

  • Australia: Cystic Fibrosis Australia

🩺 Chapter D – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Deafness (Hearing Loss)

    • Partial or total loss of hearing.

    • Can be from birth, illness, injury, or ageing.

    • Hearing aids, implants, and sign language can help communication.
      Support:

    • UK: RNID | Action on Hearing Loss

    • USA: Hearing Loss Association of America | National Institute on Deafness (NIDCD)

    • Australia: Deaf Australia | Hearing Australia

Dementia

    • A group of conditions that cause memory loss and problems with thinking, speech, or behaviour.

    • Alzheimer’s is the most common type.
      Support:

    • UK: Alzheimer’s Society | Dementia UK

    • USA: Alzheimer’s Association | Dementia Friendly America

    • Australia: Dementia Australia

Depression

    • A mood disorder that causes deep sadness, loss of interest, tiredness, and low motivation.

    • Can affect anyone and may need counselling or medication.
      Support:

    • UK: Mind | Samaritans | NHS Talking Therapies

    • USA: NAMI | Mental Health America | 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

    • Australia: Beyond Blue | Lifeline | Black Dog Institute

Dermatitis (Eczema)

    • Skin becomes itchy, red, and dry.

    • Can be caused by allergies, stress, or irritants like soaps.
      Support:

    • UK: National Eczema Society | NHS

    • USA: National Eczema Association

    • Australia: Eczema Association of Australasia

Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)

    • A condition where blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high.

    • Type 1: body doesn’t make insulin.

    • Type 2: body can’t use insulin properly.
      Support:

    • UK: Diabetes UK

    • USA: American Diabetes Association

    • Australia: Diabetes Australia

Diarrhoea

    • Passing loose, watery stools more often than usual.

    • Can be caused by infection, food, or stress.
      Support:

    • UK: NHS

    • USA: CDC | Mayo Clinic

    • Australia: Healthdirect

Down Syndrome

    • A genetic condition where a person has an extra chromosome.

    • Can cause learning disability and some health differences.
      Support:

    • UK: Down’s Syndrome Association

    • USA: National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS)

    • Australia: Down Syndrome Australia

Dyslexia

    • A learning difference that affects reading, spelling, and writing.

    • Does not affect intelligence.
      Support:

    • UK: British Dyslexia Association

    • USA: International Dyslexia Association

    • Australia: Dyslexia Australia | SPELD Australia

Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder – DCD)

    • A condition that affects movement, balance, and coordination.

    • People may find tasks like handwriting or sports difficult.
      Support:

    • UK: Dyspraxia Foundation

    • USA: National Center for Learning Disabilities

    • Australia: Dyspraxia Australia

Dystonia

    • A movement disorder that causes muscles to contract and twist involuntarily.

    • Can affect any part of the body.
      Support:

    • UK: Dystonia UK

    • USA: Dystonia Medical Research Foundation

    • Australia: Dystonia Network of Australia

Dizziness (Vertigo)

    • Feeling like you or your surroundings are spinning or moving.

    • Can be caused by inner ear problems or low blood pressure.
      Support:

    • UK: NHS | Ménière’s Society

    • USA: Vestibular Disorders Association (VeDA)

    • Australia: Balance and Dizziness Australia

Drug Addiction (Substance Use Disorder)

    • When someone becomes dependent on drugs or medication.

    • Affects physical and mental health.
      Support:

    • UK: Talk to Frank | Turning Point

    • USA: SAMHSA National Helpline (1-800-662-HELP) | NIDA

    • Australia: Alcohol and Drug Foundation | Lifeline

Dry Eye Syndrome

    • Eyes don’t make enough tears or tears dry up too quickly.

    • Causes burning, itching, or blurry vision.
      Support:

    • UK: NHS | RNIB

    • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology

    • Australia: Optometry Australia | Healthdirect

Dyscalculia

    • A specific learning difficulty with understanding numbers and maths.

    • Can cause trouble with time, money, and directions.
      Support:

    • UK: British Dyslexia Association | Dyscalculia Network

    • USA: National Center for Learning Disabilities | Understood.org

    • Australia: SPELD Australia

Dysgraphia

    • A learning difficulty that affects handwriting and fine motor skills.

    • People may find writing slow, messy, or tiring.
      Support:

    • UK: British Dyslexia Association

    • USA: Learning Disabilities Association of America

    • Australia: SPELD Australia

🩺 Chapter E – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Eating Disorders (General)

      • Conditions where people have unhealthy relationships with food, eating, or body image.

      • Includes anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.
        Support:

      • UK: Beat Eating Disorders

      • USA: National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)

      • Australia: Butterfly Foundation

Ebola Virus Disease

      • A rare but serious viral illness that causes fever, bleeding, and organ damage.

      • Spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected people or animals.
        Support:

      • UK: Public Health England | NHS

      • USA: CDC – Ebola Information

      • Australia: Department of Health – Communicable Diseases

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

      • A long-term skin condition that makes skin red, itchy, and dry.

      • Can flare up with stress or certain triggers.
        Support:

      • UK: National Eczema Society

      • USA: National Eczema Association

      • Australia: Eczema Association of Australasia

Edema (Oedema)

      • Swelling in parts of the body caused by fluid buildup.

      • Often affects legs, feet, or hands.
        Support:

      • UK: NHS | British Heart Foundation

      • USA: Mayo Clinic | Cleveland Clinic

      • Australia: Healthdirect

Emphysema

      • A lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.

      • Usually caused by smoking or air pollution.
        Support:

      • UK: Asthma + Lung UK

      • USA: American Lung Association | COPD Foundation

      • Australia: Lung Foundation Australia

Endometriosis

      • A condition where tissue like the womb lining grows outside the uterus.

      • Can cause pain, tiredness, and fertility problems.
        Support:

      • UK: Endometriosis UK

      • USA: Endometriosis Foundation of America

      • Australia: Endometriosis Australia

Epilepsy

      • A neurological condition that causes seizures.

      • Seizures happen when there’s unusual activity in the brain.

      • People can live full lives with medication and support.
        Support:

      • UK: Epilepsy Action | Epilepsy Society

      • USA: Epilepsy Foundation

      • Australia: Epilepsy Action Australia

Erectile Dysfunction

      • Trouble getting or keeping an erection.

      • Can be caused by stress, medical conditions, or medications.
        Support:

      • UK: NHS | Men’s Health Forum

      • USA: Urology Care Foundation

      • Australia: Healthy Male | Healthdirect

Eye Conditions (General)

      • Includes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

      • Regular eye tests help protect vision.
        Support:

      • UK: RNIB | NHS Eye Care

      • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology | Prevent Blindness

      • Australia: Vision Australia | Macular Disease Foundation Australia

Endocarditis

      • An infection of the heart’s inner lining or valves.

      • Can be life-threatening and needs hospital treatment.
        Support:

      • UK: NHS | British Heart Foundation

      • USA: CDC | American Heart Association

      • Australia: Heart Foundation Australia

Encephalitis

      • Inflammation (swelling) of the brain, usually caused by a virus.

      • Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, and seizures.
        Support:

      • UK: Encephalitis Society

      • USA: Encephalitis Society (global support) | CDC

      • Australia: Encephalitis Society | Healthdirect

Endocrine Disorders

      • Problems with glands that make hormones, like the thyroid, pancreas, or adrenal glands.

      • Includes diabetes, thyroid disease, and Addison’s disease.
        Support:

      • UK: Society for Endocrinology | NHS

      • USA: Hormone Health Network | Endocrine Society

      • Australia: Endocrine Society of Australia

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

      • When the tube between the ear and throat gets blocked or swollen.

      • Causes ear pain, popping, or hearing changes.
        Support:

      • UK: NHS | Action on Hearing Loss

      • USA: American Academy of Otolaryngology

      • Australia: Healthdirect

Excessive Sweating (Hyperhidrosis)

      • Sweating much more than normal, even when not hot.

      • Can affect hands, feet, or underarms.
        Support:

      • UK: Hyperhidrosis UK | NHS

      • USA: International Hyperhidrosis Society

      • Australia: Healthdirect

Eye Strain

      • Pain, tiredness, or blurred vision after long use of screens or reading.

      • Can be helped by rest and good lighting.
        Support:

      • UK: NHS | RNIB

      • USA: American Optometric Association

      • Australia: Optometry Australia

🩺 Chapter E – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Eating Disorders (General)

        • Conditions where people have an unhealthy relationship with food, eating, or body image.

        • Includes anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.
          Support:

        • UK: Beat Eating Disorders

        • USA: National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)

        • Australia: Butterfly Foundation

Ebola Virus Disease

        • A rare but serious viral illness causing fever, bleeding, and organ damage.

        • Spreads through contact with bodily fluids of infected people or animals.
          Support:

        • UK: Public Health England, NHS

        • USA: CDC – Ebola Information

        • Australia: Department of Health – Communicable Diseases

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

        • Long-term skin condition making skin red, itchy, and dry.

        • Can flare up due to stress, allergies, or irritants.
          Support:

        • UK: National Eczema Society

        • USA: National Eczema Association

        • Australia: Eczema Association of Australasia

Edema (Oedema)

        • Swelling caused by fluid buildup in the body.

        • Often affects legs, feet, or hands.
          Support:

        • UK: NHS, British Heart Foundation

        • USA: Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic

        • Australia: Healthdirect

Emphysema

        • Lung disease that makes breathing difficult.

        • Usually caused by smoking or air pollution.
          Support:

        • UK: Asthma + Lung UK

        • USA: American Lung Association, COPD Foundation

        • Australia: Lung Foundation Australia

Endometriosis

        • Tissue like the womb lining grows outside the uterus.

        • Can cause pain, fatigue, and fertility problems.
          Support:

        • UK: Endometriosis UK

        • USA: Endometriosis Foundation of America

        • Australia: Endometriosis Australia

Epilepsy

        • Neurological condition causing seizures due to unusual brain activity.

        • People can live full lives with medication and support.
          Support:

        • UK: Epilepsy Action, Epilepsy Society

        • USA: Epilepsy Foundation

        • Australia: Epilepsy Action Australia

Erectile Dysfunction

        • Trouble getting or keeping an erection.

        • Can be caused by stress, medical conditions, or medications.
          Support:

        • UK: NHS, Men’s Health Forum

        • USA: Urology Care Foundation

        • Australia: Healthy Male, Healthdirect

Eye Conditions (General)

              • Sweating much more than normal, even when not hot.

              • Can affect hands, feet, or underarms.
                Support:

              • UK: Hyperhidrosis UK, NHS

              • USA: International Hyperhidrosis Society

              • Australia: Healthdirect

Eye Strain

        • Pain, tiredness, or blurred vision after long screen use or reading.

        • Can be helped by rest, good lighting, and regular eye tests.
          Support:

        • UK: NHS, RNIB

        • USA: American Optometric Association

        • Australia: Optometry Australia


        • Includes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

        • Regular eye tests help protect vision.
          Support:

        • UK: RNIB, NHS Eye Care

        • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Prevent Blindness

        • Australia: Vision Australia, Macular Disease Foundation Australia


Chapter F – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Fainting (Syncope)

  • A short loss of consciousness caused by low blood flow to the brain.

  • Can be triggered by stress, pain, dehydration, or standing too long.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, British Heart Foundation

  • USA: American Heart Association

  • Australia: Heart Foundation Australia, Healthdirect

Fatigue (Extreme Tiredness)

  • Feeling very tired even after rest.

  • Can be caused by illness, stress, sleep problems, or medication.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Action for ME (for chronic fatigue)

  • USA: CDC, National Institutes of Health

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Emerge Australia

Fibromyalgia

  • Long-term condition causing widespread pain, stiffness, and fatigue.

  • Can also cause sleep problems, headaches, and memory issues.
    Support:

  • UK: Fibromyalgia Action UK

  • USA: National Fibromyalgia & Chronic Pain Association

  • Australia: Fibromyalgia Australia

Flu (Influenza)

  • Contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.

  • Can be serious in older adults or people with health conditions.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Public Health England

  • USA: CDC, American Lung Association

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Department of Health

Fractures (Broken Bones)

  • A break or crack in a bone.

  • Causes pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the area.

  • Treatment may include casts, splints, or surgery.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, British Orthopaedic Association

  • USA: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Australian Orthopaedic Association

Food Allergies

  • Immune system reacts to certain foods (e.g., nuts, eggs, milk).

  • Can cause rashes, swelling, breathing problems, or anaphylaxis.
    Support:

  • UK: Allergy UK

  • USA: Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE)

  • Australia: Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

  • Pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint.

  • Often develops slowly and can limit movement.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Versus Arthritis

  • USA: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Arthritis Australia

Fungal Infections

  • Caused by fungi, such as athlete’s foot, nail fungus, or ringworm.

  • Can cause itching, redness, or peeling skin.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: CDC, American Academy of Dermatology

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Functional Neurological Disorder (FND)

  • A condition where the nervous system does not work properly, but without damage to the brain or nerves.

  • Can cause weakness, tremors, seizures, or walking problems.
    Support:

  • UK: FND Hope, NHS

  • USA: FND Society, Mayo Clinic

  • Australia: Healthdirect, FND Australia

Fever

  • Higher than normal body temperature, usually caused by infection.

  • Can be a symptom of flu, cold, or other illness.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: CDC, Mayo Clinic

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Frostbite

  • Damage to skin and tissue from extreme cold.

  • Affects fingers, toes, nose, or ears.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Royal Life Saving Society UK (for outdoor safety)

  • USA: CDC, American Red Cross

  • Australia: Healthdirect, St John Ambulance

Excessive Sweating (Hyperhidrosis)

🩺 Chapter G – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu / Food Poisoning)

          • Infection or irritation of the stomach and intestines.

          • Causes diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach pain, and fever.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS, Food Standards Agency

          • USA: CDC, Mayo Clinic

          • Australia: Healthdirect, Department of Health

Gastritis

          • Inflammation of the stomach lining.

          • Can cause pain, nausea, vomiting, or bloating.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS

          • USA: Mayo Clinic, American Gastroenterological Association

          • Australia: Healthdirect

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

          • Acid from the stomach comes up into the oesophagus.

          • Causes heartburn, chest pain, and sometimes difficulty swallowing.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS

          • USA: American Gastroenterological Association

          • Australia: Healthdirect

Glaucoma

          • Eye disease where increased pressure damages the optic nerve.

          • Can lead to vision loss if untreated.
            Support:

          • UK: RNIB, NHS

          • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Foundation

          • Australia: Glaucoma Australia, Vision Australia

Gout

          • Type of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid crystals in joints.

          • Causes severe pain, redness, and swelling, often in the big toe.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS, Versus Arthritis

          • USA: Arthritis Foundation

          • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

          • Rare condition where the immune system attacks nerves.

          • Causes weakness, tingling, or paralysis, usually starting in the legs.

          • Most people recover with treatment.
            Support:

          • UK: GBS/CIDP Foundation International (UK info), NHS

          • USA: GBS/CIDP Foundation International

          • Australia: Guillain-Barré Syndrome Support Group

Growth Disorders

          • Problems with growth in children due to hormones, genetics, or illness.

          • Can cause unusually short or tall stature or delayed puberty.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS, Growth Hormone Foundation

          • USA: Children’s Hospital Endocrinology Departments

          • Australia: Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Healthdirect

Gallstones

          • Hard deposits that form in the gallbladder.

          • Can cause pain, nausea, and digestive problems.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS

          • USA: American College of Gastroenterology

          • Australia: Healthdirect

Genetic Disorders (General)

          • Conditions caused by changes in DNA.

          • Can affect development, metabolism, or organ function.
            Support:

          • UK: Genetic Alliance UK

          • USA: National Human Genome Research Institute

          • Australia: Genetic Alliance Australia

Gingivitis / Gum Disease

          • Infection or inflammation of the gums.

          • Can cause redness, bleeding, and bad breath.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS, British Dental Association

          • USA: American Dental Association

          • Australia: Dental Health Foundation, Healthdirect

Graves’ Disease

          • Autoimmune disorder causing the thyroid gland to make too much hormone.

          • Can cause weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes.
            Support:

          • UK: British Thyroid Foundation

          • USA: American Thyroid Association

          • Australia: Thyroid Australia

Gallbladder Disease

          • Conditions affecting the gallbladder, like inflammation or stones.

          • Can cause upper-right abdominal pain and nausea.
            Support:

          • UK: NHS

          • USA: American College of Gastroenterology

          • Australia: Health direct

Chapter H – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis)

            • Allergic reaction to pollen, dust, or pet hair.

            • Causes sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and fatigue.
              Support:

            • UK: Allergy UK, NHS

            • USA: American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

            • Australia: Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

Headaches (Tension, Migraine, Cluster)

            • Pain in the head, scalp, or neck.

            • Types include tension headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches.

            • Can be caused by stress, illness, or dehydration.
              Support:

            • UK: NHS, Migraine Trust

            • USA: American Migraine Foundation

            • Australia: Migraine & Headache Australia

Heart Conditions (General)

            • Includes heart attacks, angina, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

            • Can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
              Support:

            • UK: British Heart Foundation, NHS

            • USA: American Heart Association

            • Australia: Heart Foundation

Hearing Loss (Deafness)

            • Partial or total inability to hear.

            • Can occur at any age; hearing aids or implants can help.
              Support:

            • UK: RNID, Action on Hearing Loss

            • USA: Hearing Loss Association of America

            • Australia: Deaf Australia, Hearing Australia

Hepatitis (A, B, C, etc.)

            • Liver infection caused by viruses.

            • Can cause tiredness, jaundice (yellow skin), and nausea.
              Support:

            • UK: NHS, British Liver Trust

            • USA: CDC, American Liver Foundation

            • Australia: Liver Foundation Australia

Hernia

            • When an organ pushes through a weak spot in the muscle or tissue.

            • Common types: inguinal, umbilical, hiatal.

            • Can cause pain, bulging, and discomfort.
              Support:

            • UK: NHS

            • USA: American Hernia Society

            • Australia: Healthdirect

Hiccups (Singultus)

            • Sudden, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm causing “hic” sounds.

            • Usually harmless and temporary.
              Support:

            • UK: NHS

            • USA: Mayo Clinic

            • Australia: Healthdirect

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

            • Virus that affects the immune system, making it harder to fight infections.

            • Can lead to AIDS if untreated.

            • Manageable with medication (ART).
              Support:

            • UK: National AIDS Trust, NHS

            • USA: CDC, HIV.gov

            • Australia: Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (AFAO)

Hyperthyroidism

            • Thyroid gland makes too much hormone.

            • Causes weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and sweating.
              Support:

            • UK: British Thyroid Foundation

            • USA: American Thyroid Association

            • Australia: Thyroid Australia

Hypothyroidism

            • Thyroid gland makes too little hormone.

            • Causes tiredness, weight gain, cold sensitivity, and depression.
              Support:

            • UK: British Thyroid Foundation, NHS

            • USA: American Thyroid Association

            • Australia: Thyroid Australia

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

            • Blood pressure is higher than normal.

            • Can increase the risk of stroke, heart attack, or kidney disease.
              Support:

            • UK: Blood Pressure UK, NHS

            • USA: American Heart Association

            • Australia: Heart Foundation

Hyperglycemia / Hypoglycemia

            • Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar, often in diabetes.

            • Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, can cause dizziness, sweating, or fainting.
              Support:

            • UK: Diabetes UK

            • USA: American Diabetes Association

            • Australia: Diabetes Australia

Chapter I – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

              • A long-term condition affecting the digestive system.

              • Causes stomach pain, bloating, diarrhoea, and constipation.
                Support:

              • UK: IBS Network, NHS

              • USA: International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD)

              • Australia: Gastroenterological Society of Australia, Healthdirect

Impotence / Erectile Dysfunction

              • Trouble getting or keeping an erection.

              • Can be caused by stress, illness, or medication.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, Men’s Health Forum

              • USA: Urology Care Foundation

              • Australia: Healthy Male, Healthdirect

Infections (General)

              • Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

              • Symptoms depend on the type of infection, e.g., fever, pain, swelling, or cough.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, Public Health England

              • USA: CDC

              • Australia: Healthdirect, Department of Health

Influenza (Flu)

              • Contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, Public Health England

              • USA: CDC, American Lung Association

              • Australia: Healthdirect, Department of Health

Insomnia (Sleep Disorder)

              • Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.

              • Can cause tiredness, irritability, and poor concentration.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, Sleep Council

              • USA: American Academy of Sleep Medicine

              • Australia: Sleep Health Foundation

Iron Deficiency / Anaemia

              • Low iron in the body, causing tiredness, weakness, or pale skin.

              • Can be due to diet, blood loss, or illness.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS

              • USA: National Institutes of Health (NIH) – Office of Dietary Supplements

              • Australia: Healthdirect

Immune System Disorders

              • Conditions where the immune system does not work correctly.

              • Can include autoimmune diseases, allergies, and immunodeficiencies.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, British Society for Immunology

              • USA: American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA)

              • Australia: Immunology Society of Australia & New Zealand

Interstitial Cystitis (Bladder Pain Syndrome)

              • Chronic condition causing bladder pain and frequent urination.
                Support:

              • UK: Bladder & Bowel UK

              • USA: Interstitial Cystitis Association

              • Australia: Bladder & Bowel Community

Incontinence (Urinary or Faecal)

              • Loss of bladder or bowel control.

              • Can be caused by ageing, injury, or medical conditions.
                Support:

              • UK: NHS, Bladder & Bowel UK

              • USA: National Association for Continence

              • Australia: Continence Foundation of Australia

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

              • Long-term inflammation of the digestive tract.

              • Includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

              • Causes diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
                Support:

              • UK: Crohn’s & Colitis UK

              • USA: Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation

              • Australia: Crohn’s & Colitis Australia

Chapter J – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Jaundice

                • Yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by too much bilirubin in the blood.

                • Can happen because of liver problems, bile duct blockage, or blood disorders.
                  Support:

                • UK: NHS, British Liver Trust

                • USA: American Liver Foundation, CDC

                • Australia: Liver Foundation Australia, Healthdirect

Joint Pain / Arthritis

                • Pain, stiffness, or swelling in one or more joints.

                • Can be caused by injury, wear and tear, or autoimmune diseases.
                  Support:

                • UK: NHS, Versus Arthritis

                • USA: Arthritis Foundation

                • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Juvenile Arthritis

                • Arthritis affecting children under 16.

                • Causes joint pain, swelling, and difficulty moving.
                  Support:

                • UK: Arthritis Care, NHS

                • USA: Arthritis Foundation – Juvenile Arthritis

                • Australia: Arthritis Australia – Kids Section

Jumping Frenchmen of Maine Syndrome

                • Rare neurological disorder causing extreme startle reflex and sudden movements.

                • Most cases are genetic.
                  Support:

                • UK: NHS (rare neurological conditions)

                • USA: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

                • Australia: Healthdirect – Rare Disorders

Jaw Disorders (TMJ / Temporomandibular Joint Disorders)

                • Problems with the jaw joint causing pain, clicking, or difficulty chewing.
                  Support:

                • UK: NHS, British Dental Association

                • USA: American Dental Association, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

                • Australia: Dental Health Foundation, Healthdirect

Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)

                • Fungal infection causing itchy, red skin in the groin area.

                • Common in warm, sweaty conditions.
                  Support:

                • UK: NHS

                • USA: American Academy of Dermatology

                • Australia: Healthdirect

Job-Related Stress / Burnout

                • Feeling exhausted, stressed, or mentally drained because of work.

                • Can affect physical and mental health.
                  Support:

                • UK: Mind, NHS, Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

                • USA: NAMI, American Psychological Association (APA)

                • Australia: Beyond Blue, Safe Work Australia

Chapter K – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Kidney Disease (Chronic or Acute)

                  • The kidneys do not work properly.

                  • Can cause tiredness, swelling, high blood pressure, and problems with waste removal.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS, Kidney Care UK

                  • USA: National Kidney Foundation

                  • Australia: Kidney Health Australia

Kidney Stones

                  • Hard deposits of minerals form in the kidneys.

                  • Can cause severe pain in the back, abdomen, or groin, and sometimes blood in urine.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS

                  • USA: National Kidney Foundation

                  • Australia: Healthdirect, Kidney Health Australia

Klinefelter Syndrome

                  • A genetic condition in males where an extra X chromosome is present.

                  • Can affect growth, fertility, and sometimes learning.
                    Support:

                  • UK: Klinefelter UK, NHS

                  • USA: Klinefelter Syndrome & Associates, National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

                  • Australia: Rare Voices Australia

Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Ketoacidosis / DKA)

                  • Serious complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of acids (ketones).

                  • Symptoms include vomiting, dehydration, rapid breathing, and confusion.

                  • Requires urgent medical treatment.
                    Support:

                  • UK: Diabetes UK, NHS

                  • USA: American Diabetes Association

                  • Australia: Diabetes Australia, Healthdirect

Keratitis

                  • Inflammation of the cornea (front part of the eye).

                  • Causes pain, redness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS, RNIB

                  • USA: American Academy of Ophthalmology

                  • Australia: Optometry Australia, Healthdirect

Kawasaki Disease

                  • Rare condition causing inflammation in blood vessels, mostly in children.

                  • Symptoms: high fever, rash, red eyes, swollen hands/feet, and mouth changes.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS

                  • USA: American Heart Association – Kawasaki Disease

                  • Australia: Healthdirect, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne

Kyphosis (Spinal Curvature)

                  • Excessive forward curve of the upper back (“hunchback”).

                  • Can cause pain, stiffness, or posture changes.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS, British Orthopaedic Association

                  • USA: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

                  • Australia: Healthdirect, Australian Orthopaedic Association

Koilonychia (Spoon Nails)

                  • Condition where nails are concave or spoon-shaped.

                  • Often linked to iron deficiency or other health problems.
                    Support:

                  • UK: NHS

                  • USA: Mayo Clinic, National Institutes of Health

                  • Australia: Healthdirect

🩺 Chapter M – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Malaria

                    • A disease caused by parasites spread through mosquito bites.

                    • Symptoms: fever, chills, headache, and fatigue.
                      Support:

                    • UK: NHS, Public Health England

                    • USA: CDC – Malaria

                    • Australia: Department of Health

Measles

                    • Highly contagious viral infection causing rash, fever, cough, and runny nose.

                    • Can be prevented with vaccination.
                      Support:

                    • UK: NHS, Public Health England

                    • USA: CDC, American Academy of Pediatrics

                    • Australia: Department of Health, Immunisation Services

Meningitis

                    • Infection of the brain and spinal cord membranes.

                    • Symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, and rash.

                    • Can be life-threatening; urgent medical care needed.
                      Support:

                    • UK: Meningitis Now, NHS

                    • USA: CDC, Meningitis Foundation of America

                    • Australia: Meningococcal Australia, Healthdirect

Migraine

                    • Severe headache often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound.
                      Support:

                    • UK: Migraine Trust, NHS

                    • USA: American Migraine Foundation

                    • Australia: Migraine & Headache Australia

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

                    • A neurological condition affecting the brain and spinal cord.

                    • Symptoms: fatigue, numbness, walking difficulties, vision problems, and muscle weakness.
                      Support:

                    • UK: MS Society UK, NHS

                    • USA: National MS Society

                    • Australia: MS Australia

Muscular Dystrophy

                    • Group of inherited diseases causing progressive muscle weakness.

                    • Different types affect different muscles and age groups.
                      Support:

                    • UK: Muscular Dystrophy UK

                    • USA: Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA)

                    • Australia: Muscular Dystrophy Foundation Australia

Mood Disorders (Depression, Bipolar, Dysthymia)

                    • Conditions affecting emotional state, energy, and behaviour.

                    • Symptoms vary but may include sadness, loss of interest, mood swings, and fatigue.
                      Support:

                    • UK: Mind, Rethink Mental Illness

                    • USA: NAMI, National Institute of Mental Health

                    • Australia: Beyond Blue, SANE Australia

Malnutrition

                    • Not getting enough nutrients from food.

                    • Can cause weight loss, weakness, fatigue, and poor growth in children.
                      Support:

                    • UK: NHS, British Nutrition Foundation

                    • USA: USDA, National Institute of Health

                    • Australia: Healthdirect, Nutrition Australia

Metabolic Disorders (General)

                    • Problems with how the body converts food into energy.

                    • Includes diabetes, thyroid disorders, and inherited metabolic conditions.
                      Support:

                    • UK: NHS, British Society for Metabolic & Endocrine Diseases

                    • USA: National Institutes of Health, Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

                    • Australia: Healthdirect, Genetic Alliance Australia


🩺 Chapter N – Common Medical Conditions (Easy Read)

Narcolepsy

  • Sleep disorder causing sudden sleep attacks and excessive daytime sleepiness.
    Support:

  • UK: Narcolepsy UK, NHS

  • USA: Narcolepsy Network

  • Australia: Sleep Health Foundation

Nephritis (Kidney Inflammation)

  • Kidneys become inflamed due to infection or autoimmune disease.

  • Can cause blood in urine, swelling, and high blood pressure.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Kidney Care UK

  • USA: National Kidney Foundation

  • Australia: Kidney Health Australia

Neuralgia (Nerve Pain)

  • Severe pain along a nerve, often in the face (trigeminal neuralgia).
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Pain Concern

  • USA: American Chronic Pain Association

  • Australia: Pain Australia

Neuropathy

  • Nerve damage causing pain, numbness, or tingling, often in hands or feet.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Diabetes UK (for diabetic neuropathy)

  • USA: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  • Australia: Neurological Foundation, Healthdirect

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  • Includes conditions like Autism, ADHD, and learning disabilities.

  • Affects brain development and behaviour.
    Support:

  • UK: National Autistic Society, ADHD Foundation

  • USA: CDC, CHADD

  • Australia: Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect), ADHD Australia

🩺 Chapter O – Common Medical Conditions

Obesity

  • Excess body fat affecting health.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Obesity UK

  • USA: CDC, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

  • Australia: Obesity Australia, Healthdirect

Osteoarthritis

  • Degeneration of joints causing pain and stiffness.
    Support:

  • UK: Versus Arthritis, NHS

  • USA: Arthritis Foundation

  • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Osteoporosis

  • Weakening of bones, increasing risk of fractures.
    Support:

  • UK: National Osteoporosis Society

  • USA: National Osteoporosis Foundation

  • Australia: Osteoporosis Australia

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

  • Mental health disorder causing unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions.
    Support:

  • UK: OCD-UK, Mind

  • USA: International OCD Foundation

  • Australia: SANE Australia

🩺 Chapter P – Common Medical Conditions

Parkinson’s Disease

  • Progressive neurological disorder causing tremors, stiffness, and movement problems.
    Support:

  • UK: Parkinson’s UK

  • USA: Parkinson’s Foundation

  • Australia: Parkinson’s Australia

Peptic Ulcers

  • Sores in the stomach or small intestine lining causing pain or bleeding.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: American College of Gastroenterology

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Pneumonia

  • Infection of the lungs causing cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: CDC, Mayo Clinic

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Psoriasis

  • Chronic skin condition causing red, scaly patches.
    Support:

  • UK: Psoriasis Association, NHS

  • USA: National Psoriasis Foundation

  • Australia: Psoriasis Australia

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

  • Mental health disorder after experiencing trauma, causing flashbacks, anxiety, or nightmares.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Combat Stress

  • USA: National Center for PTSD, NAMI

  • Australia: Beyond Blue, Phoenix Australia

🩺 Chapter Q – Common Medical Conditions

Quadriplegia

  • Paralysis affecting all four limbs, usually due to spinal cord injury.
    Support:

  • UK: Spinal Injuries Association, NHS

  • USA: Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation

  • Australia: SpinalCure Australia

Q Fever

  • Bacterial infection spread by animals.

  • Symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, sometimes pneumonia.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: CDC

  • Australia: Department of Health

🩺 Chapter R – Common Medical Conditions

Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation, pain, and swelling.
    Support:

  • UK: Versus Arthritis, NHS

  • USA: Arthritis Foundation

  • Australia: Arthritis Australia

Respiratory Conditions (Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis)

  • Affect breathing; causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
    Support:

  • UK: Asthma + Lung UK, NHS

  • USA: American Lung Association

  • Australia: Lung Foundation Australia

Rheumatic Fever

  • Inflammatory disease after strep infection affecting heart, joints, or skin.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: CDC

  • Australia: Rheumatic Heart Disease Australia

🩺 Chapter S – Common Medical Conditions

Schizophrenia

  • Mental health condition causing hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking.
    Support:

  • UK: Rethink Mental Illness, NHS

  • USA: NAMI, National Institute of Mental Health

  • Australia: SANE Australia

Stroke

  • Blood flow to the brain is blocked or bleeding occurs, causing brain damage.
    Support:

  • UK: Stroke Association, NHS

  • USA: American Stroke Association

  • Australia: Stroke Foundation

Sleep Disorders (Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy)

  • Problems with sleeping that affect daily life.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Sleep Council

  • USA: American Academy of Sleep Medicine

  • Australia: Sleep Health Foundation

Sickle Cell Disease

  • Genetic blood disorder causing abnormal red blood cells, leading to pain and fatigue.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Sickle Cell Society

  • USA: Sickle Cell Disease Association of America

  • Australia: Sickle Cell Foundation Australia

🩺 Chapter T – Common Medical Conditions

Tinnitus

  • Ringing or buzzing in the ears.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Action on Hearing Loss

  • USA: American Tinnitus Association

  • Australia: Hearing Australia, Healthdirect

Thyroid Disorders (Hyperthyroidism / Hypothyroidism)

  • Glands make too much or too little thyroid hormone, affecting metabolism.
    Support:

  • UK: British Thyroid Foundation, NHS

  • USA: American Thyroid Association

  • Australia: Thyroid Australia

Tuberculosis (TB)

  • Infectious bacterial disease affecting the lungs.

  • Causes cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Public Health England

  • USA: CDC

  • Australia: Department of Health

🩺 Chapter U – Common Medical Conditions

Ulcerative Colitis

  • Long-term bowel condition causing inflammation and ulcers in the colon.
    Support:

  • UK: Crohn’s & Colitis UK

  • USA: Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation

  • Australia: Crohn’s & Colitis Australia

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  • Infection in the bladder, kidneys, or urinary tract.

  • Causes pain, burning, and frequent urination.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: Mayo Clinic, CDC

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Urticaria (Hives)

  • Red, itchy, raised patches on the skin caused by allergies or triggers.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Allergy UK

  • USA: American Academy of Dermatology

  • Australia: Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia

🩺 Chapter V – Common Medical Conditions

Varicose Veins

  • Swollen, twisted veins usually in the legs.

  • Can cause pain or discomfort.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Vein Clinics UK

  • USA: American Vein & Lymphatic Society

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Viral Infections (Common Cold, Flu, Measles, etc.)

  • Illnesses caused by viruses.

  • Symptoms vary: fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Public Health England

  • USA: CDC

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Department of Health

Vertigo

  • Feeling dizzy or spinning, often caused by inner ear problems.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: American Academy of Otolaryngology

  • Australia: Healthdirect

🩺 Chapter W – Common Medical Conditions

Warts

  • Small, rough growths on the skin caused by a virus.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: American Academy of Dermatology

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

  • Contagious bacterial infection causing severe coughing.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Public Health England

  • USA: CDC

  • Australia: Department of Health

Wrist / Hand Disorders (Carpal Tunnel, Arthritis, Fractures)

  • Can cause pain, tingling, weakness, or swelling.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, British Orthopaedic Association

  • USA: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

  • Australia: Healthdirect

🩺 Chapter X – Common Medical Conditions

Xerosis (Dry Skin)

  • Skin becomes very dry, itchy, or cracked.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS

  • USA: American Academy of Dermatology

  • Australia: Healthdirect

X-Linked Disorders (Genetic)

  • Conditions caused by genes on the X chromosome.

  • Can affect growth, development, or organ function.
    Support:

  • UK: Genetic Alliance UK, NHS

  • USA: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

  • Australia: Genetic Alliance Australia

🩺 Chapter Y – Common Medical Conditions

Yaws

  • Rare tropical infection affecting skin, bones, and joints.

  • Caused by bacteria, treatable with antibiotics.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS – Rare Tropical Diseases

  • USA: CDC – Yaws

  • Australia: Healthdirect

Yellow Fever

  • Viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes.

  • Causes fever, jaundice, and can be life-threatening.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Travel Health

  • USA: CDC – Yellow Fever

  • Australia: Department of Health

🩺 Chapter Z – Common Medical Conditions

Zika Virus

  • Viral infection spread by mosquitoes.

  • Usually mild symptoms but can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Travel Health

  • USA: CDC – Zika Virus

  • Australia: Department of Health

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

  • Rare condition where tumors in the pancreas or duodenum produce excess stomach acid.

  • Causes ulcers and abdominal pain.
    Support:

  • UK: NHS, Rare Disease UK

  • USA: National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

  • Australia: Healthdirect, Rare Voices Australia

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