🔍 Research and Feedback
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Advocates help clients know their options.
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Advocates explain the consequences (what could happen) of each choice.
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Advocates should never force a client to decide.
🤝 Negotiation and Litigation
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Negotiation = talking and reaching an agreement.
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Litigation (court) = last choice.
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Very expensive.
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Very stressful.
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The judge decides, not the client.
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👂 Listening Skills
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Advocates should listen carefully.
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Show interest with nodding, eye contact, and body language.
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Use open questions (What do you think…?)
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Use closed questions (Do you like…?).
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Mirroring: copy the client’s body language to build trust.
🗣️ Communication Methods
Different people need different support:
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British Sign Language (BSL) ✋
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Braille for blind people ⠿
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Singalong for Autism 🎵
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Makaton 👐
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Talking Mats 🗂️
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Widgit / Symbol World 🖼️
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Clear For All – easy words 📄
📋 Case Study: Care Home
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A daughter is worried her mother is not cared for properly.
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She should:
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Write down dates and times.
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Take photos if needed.
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Speak to the manager.
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Write a complaint letter.
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Contact CQC (Care Quality Commission) if things get worse.
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📝 Advocacy vs Negotiation
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Advocacy = standing up for the client’s rights.
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Negotiation = finding a deal between two sides.
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Sometimes we need both.
Examples:
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Electricity bill too high → negotiate payments.
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DSS refusing a grant → negotiate smaller amount.
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Long waiting list at hospital → advocacy + negotiation.
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Housing transfer with rent arrears → negotiate + advocate.
🧠 Negotiation Strategy Example
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John lost his wife Anna in hospital.
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She had signed a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.
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John was not told.
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As an advocate:
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Explain the law.
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Help John talk with the doctors.
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Negotiate an apology or explanation.
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📝 Quiz Questions
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What should an advocate never do?
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What is the difference between negotiation and litigation?
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Why is litigation the last option?
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Give two ways an advocate can show they are listening.
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What is an open question?
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Name two communication tools for people with disabilities.
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What should the daughter do if she is worried about her mother’s care home?
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When is negotiation used instead of advocacy?
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What is mirroring?
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Why must information be in Easy Read or clear format?
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