📘 Chapter A – Module 2 🩺 Acne Vulgaris

 

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🧭 What Is Acne Vulgaris?

Acne vulgaris is a common, long-term skin condition.

It happens when:

• Hair follicles become blocked with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells
• This leads to spots forming on the skin

👉 It most commonly affects:

• Face
• Neck
• Back
• Shoulders

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🧩 Causes

Acne is caused by a combination of factors:

🧬 Hormones

• Increased androgens (hormones)
• Common during:
  • Puberty
  • Pregnancy

🦠 Bacteria

• Skin bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes) can trigger inflammation

🔥 Inflammation

• The body’s immune response causes redness and swelling

🧬 Genetics

• Family history can increase risk

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🧠 Symptoms

Acne can vary from mild to severe:

Mild

• Whiteheads (closed pores)
• Blackheads (open pores)

Moderate

• Red bumps (papules)
• Pus-filled spots (pustules)

Severe

• Painful lumps (nodules)
• Deep cysts (risk of scarring)

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🛠️ Treatment

🧼 Self-Care

• Wash skin gently twice daily
• Use mild soap and warm water
• ❌ Avoid squeezing or popping spots (can cause scars)

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🧴 Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments

Common ingredients:

• Salicylic acid → helps unblock pores
• Benzoyl peroxide → kills bacteria

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👩‍⚕️ Medical Treatment

For more severe acne:

• Topical retinoids
• Oral or topical antibiotics
• Isotretinoin (for severe cases under specialist care)

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⚠️ Risk Factors

• Hormonal changes
• Teenage years / young adulthood
• Hormonal medications
• Family history

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⏳ Duration

• Acne often starts in teen years
• Can continue into adulthood
• Treatments may take 6–8 weeks to show results

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🛡️ Prevention & Daily Tips

• Use oil-free (non-comedogenic) skincare
• Keep hair clean and away from face
• Wash skin after sweating
• Avoid heavy or greasy products

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📊 Key Takeaways

✔ Acne is very common and treatable
✔ Caused by oil, hormones, bacteria, and inflammation
✔ Severity can range from mild to severe
✔ Treatment takes time and consistency

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⚠️ Important Note

This information is for educational purposes only.
If acne is severe or persistent, consult a healthcare professional or dermatologist.

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🧠 Teaching Tip

To support learners:

• Show images of different acne types
• Use a “blocked pore” diagram
• Compare mild vs severe cases
• Include skincare routine examples