Wednesday, 6 May 2026
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder A6 Module
A6 – ADHD
🧠 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
📖 What Is ADHD?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common
neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person:
Focuses
Controls impulses
Regulates activity levels
It can affect children, teenagers, and adults, and often
continues throughout life.
🔍 Key Symptoms of ADHD
Symptoms fall into three main areas:
🟡 Inattention (Difficulty Focusing)
Easily distracted
Trouble paying attention
Appears not to listen
Loses items (keys, books, etc.)
Poor organization and time management
🔵 Hyperactivity
Constant movement or restlessness
Fidgeting or tapping
Difficulty sitting still
Talking excessively
🔴 Impulsivity
Interrupting
others
Difficulty
waiting turns
Making
quick decisions without considering consequences
🟣
Disorganization
Struggles
with planning tasks
Difficulty
completing work
Forgetfulness
in daily activities
🧩
Types (Presentations) of ADHD
1️⃣
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
Mainly
focus and attention difficulties
Little
or no hyperactivity
2️⃣
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation
High
activity and impulsive behaviour
Less
difficulty with attention
3️⃣
Combined Presentation
Both
inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms
Most
common type
⚙️
Causes of ADHD
The
exact cause is not fully understood, but research suggests:
Differences
in brain structure and function
Genetics
(runs in families)
Neurodevelopmental
differences
🧠
Important Note
ADHD is
not caused by:
Poor
parenting
Laziness
Lack of
intelligence
⚠️
Impact on Daily Life
ADHD can
affect:
School
or work performance
Relationships
and friendships
Organization
and independence
Emotional
regulation
💊
Treatment and Management
ADHD is
manageable with the right support, often using a combination of approaches.
💊
Medication
🔹
Stimulant Medications (First-line)
Methylphenidate
Amphetamine
🔹
Non-Stimulant Medications
Atomoxetine
These
help improve:
Focus
Impulse
control
Attention
🧠
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Social
skills training
Parent
training (for children)
🎓
Support and Education
School
accommodations (extra time, quiet spaces)
Organizational
coaching
Routine
and structure at home and school
🛠️
Everyday Support Strategies
Use
planners or reminders
Break
tasks into small steps
Keep
routines consistent
Reduce
distractions
Use
visual supports
🛡️
Strengths of ADHD
Many
people with ADHD have strengths such as:
Creativity
Energy
and enthusiasm
Problem-solving
skills
Thinking
“outside the box”
⚠️ When
to Seek Support
Seek
professional help if:
Symptoms
affect school, work, or relationships
There is
stress, anxiety, or low self-esteem
Daily
tasks feel overwhelming
💡
Key Message
ADHD is a real, lifelong condition, but with the right
support, people can thrive and succeed in education, work, and life.
Type: Neurodevelopmental condition
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Symptoms
Poor focus
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Disorganisation
Management
Medication (stimulants / non-stimulants)
Behaviour therapy
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