🧬 Clean Educational Version
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental condition, mostly affecting girls.
It begins in early childhood after a period of typical early development.
🧬 Cause
- Change in a gene called MECP2
- Happens by chance (de novo mutation)
- Not anyone’s fault
🗣️ What happens
Children may:
- Lose speech
- Lose hand skills
- Have difficulty moving
✋ Hand movements
People may:
- Wring hands
- Clap or tap
- Put hands to mouth
🚶 Movement changes
- Walking becomes difficult
- Muscles may become stiff
- Head growth may slow
🌬️ Breathing changes
Some people may:
- Hold their breath
- Breathe fast
- Have irregular breathing
💡 Key Message
Rett syndrome is lifelong.
- Communication is still possible
- Support is essential
- Needs change over time
📊 Table
| Feature | Information |
|---|---|
| Condition | Rett syndrome |
| Type | Genetic neurodevelopmental disorder |
| Gene | MECP2 |
| Cause | Random mutation |
| Gender | Mostly females |
| Onset | 6–18 months |
| Main features | Loss of speech, movement, hand use |
| Other features | Seizures, scoliosis, breathing issues |
| Stages | 4 stages |
| Cure | No |
| Support | Therapy, communication aids |
🧠 PowerPoint Slides
- What is Rett syndrome
- Gene cause (MECP2)
- Early development
- Loss of skills
- Hand movements
- Movement changes
- Breathing issues
- Stages
- Key message
🧩 Easy Read
Rett syndrome is a rare condition.
It:
- Mostly affects girls
- Starts in early childhood
It may cause:
- Loss of speech
- Movement problems
- Repetitive hand movements
- Learning difficulties
💚 Support helps communication and daily life
🧠 FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)
🧬 Clean Educational Version
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a severe, lifelong condition caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
It affects brain, body, and behaviour development before birth.
🧬 Cause
- Alcohol passes through placenta to baby
- Baby cannot process alcohol properly
- Causes damage during development
❗ No safe amount of alcohol in pregnancy
❗ Completely preventable
👁️ Physical features
- Small eyes
- Thin upper lip
- Smooth philtrum (under nose)
- Small head size
📏 Growth effects
- Low birth weight
- Slow growth
- Short height
🧠 Brain & learning
- Learning difficulties
- Low IQ
- Memory problems
- Hyperactivity
- Poor coordination
🧍 Behaviour
- Impulsivity
- Social difficulties
- Poor decision-making
- Difficulty with daily skills
🧬 FASD Group
- FAS (most severe)
- pFAS
- ARND (brain effects only)
- ARBD (organ effects)
📊 Table
| Feature | Information |
|---|---|
| Condition | FAS |
| Cause | Alcohol in pregnancy |
| Preventable | Yes (100%) |
| Affected systems | Brain, growth, face |
| Cognitive effects | Learning disability, low IQ |
| Behaviour | Impulsivity, social difficulties |
| Lifelong | Yes |
🧠 PowerPoint Slides
- What is FAS
- Cause
- Alcohol and pregnancy
- Physical features
- Learning effects
- Behaviour effects
- FASD types
- Key message
🧩 Easy Read
FAS happens before birth.
It is caused by alcohol in pregnancy.
It can cause:
- Learning difficulties
- Behaviour difficulties
- Physical differences
❗ It is preventable
❗ It is not the child’s fault
🧠 DOWN SYNDROME
🧬 Clean Educational Version
Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21).
It affects development and varies widely between individuals.
🧬 Types
- Trisomy 21 (95%)
- Translocation (3%)
- Mosaicism (2%)
🧠 Developmental effects
- Learning disability (mild–moderate)
- Speech delay
- Motor delay
👁️ Physical features
- Flattened facial profile
- Upward slanted eyes
- Low muscle tone
- Short neck
- Single crease in palm
🏥 Health conditions
- Heart defects
- Hearing loss
- Vision problems
- Thyroid issues
- Sleep apnoea
🧬 Inheritance
- Usually random
- Low inheritance risk overall
💊 Support
- Speech therapy
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational therapy
- Education support
- Early intervention
💡 Key Message
Down syndrome is a lifelong condition, but people can live full and meaningful lives with support.
📊 Table
| Feature | Down Syndrome |
|---|---|
| Cause | Extra chromosome 21 |
| Type | Genetic |
| Onset | Before birth |
| Effects | Learning, health, development |
| Inherited | Usually no |
| Support | Therapy + education |
| Lifespan | Normal with care |
🧠 PowerPoint Slides
- What is Down syndrome
- Chromosome 21
- Types
- Developmental effects
- Physical features
- Health conditions
- Support
- Key message
🧩 Easy Read
Down syndrome is a genetic condition.
It:
- Affects learning
- Affects development
- Causes physical differences
💚 People can live happy lives with support
💚 FINAL KEY MESSAGE (ALL CONDITIONS)
- All conditions affect people differently
- Most begin before birth or early childhood
- Many are genetic or developmental
- Some are preventable (like FAS)
- Support improves quality of life
- Communication and understanding are essential
- Every person has strengths
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