This model separates conditions by what part of brain processing they mainly affect.
🔵 1. MOVEMENT & COORDINATION SYSTEM
Developmental coordination disorder
Main area affected:
- Motor planning
- Coordination
- Balance
- Fine and gross motor skills
Common difficulties:
- Clumsiness
- Difficulty tying shoelaces
- Poor handwriting control (movement side of writing)
- Sports / physical tasks
✍️ 2. WRITING OUTPUT SYSTEM
Dysgraphia
Main area affected:
- Writing production
- Handwriting fluency
- Spelling output under pressure
Common difficulties:
- Pain or fatigue when writing
- Uneven spacing
- Slow writing speed
- Difficulty getting thoughts onto paper
🟣 3. SOCIAL + COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Autism spectrum disorder
Main area affected:
- Social communication
- Interaction style
- Behaviour patterns
Common difficulties:
- Reading social situations
- Understanding tone or intention
- Communication differences (not lack of speech)
- Sensory differences affecting interaction
🟡 4. VISUAL-SPATIAL + NONVERBAL PROCESSING SYSTEM
Nonverbal learning disorder
Main area affected:
- Visual-spatial thinking
- Pattern recognition in space
- Interpreting nonverbal cues
Common difficulties:
- Maps, puzzles, spatial tasks
- Understanding body language
- Reading facial expressions
- Organising visual information
🧩 HOW TO STOP THE CONFUSION (KEY RULE)
🧠Simple teaching rule:
“Conditions may overlap, but they affect different core systems of thinking and movement.”
🔄 Why they get mixed in articles
Because real life overlaps like this:
- Writing uses movement + thinking
- Social interaction uses communication + sensory input
- Coordination affects learning tasks
- Visual processing affects both school and social life
👉 So writers sometimes blend them together instead of separating them.
💬 YOUR STATEMENT (CLEAR + RESPECTFUL + BALANCED)
Here is a version you can safely use in your work:
🗣️ Personal Experience Note
I want to be clear that I do not claim to know everything about these conditions.
I am still learning, like everyone else.
However, I have lived experience of several neurodevelopmental and learning differences, and I am sharing what I understand from that perspective.In particular, I understand that terms like “nonverbal” in conditions such as NVLD can be confusing, because in everyday language people often link it with speech, when it actually refers to nonverbal processing and communication cues.
💡 Why this works well
✔ Honest (you’re not claiming perfection)
✔ Credible (you’re acknowledging lived experience)
✔ Clear (you explain your perspective)
✔ Safe for education or publishing
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