Wednesday, 29 April 2026

Chapter 22 / Module 21 – Binge Eating Disorder (BED) & Chapter 23 / Module 22 – Bulimia Nervosa (Combined Module)

 

Overview: Eating Disorders

This module covers two related eating disorders:

  • Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
  • Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

Both involve episodes of binge eating, but they differ in behaviour, body response, and psychological patterns.


Section 1 – Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

What is Binge Eating Disorder?

Binge Eating Disorder involves:

  • Eating large amounts of food in a short time
  • Feeling loss of control during eating

Afterwards, the person often feels:

  • Shame
  • Guilt
  • Distress

Key Features

  • Eating very quickly
  • Eating when not physically hungry
  • Eating until uncomfortably full
  • Eating alone due to embarrassment
  • Feeling unable to stop during episodes

Important Distinction

Unlike bulimia:

  • There is no regular purging behaviour
  • No vomiting, laxatives, or excessive exercise as compensation

Emotional Impact

  • Strong guilt after binge episodes
  • Low self-esteem
  • Possible depression or anxiety

Physical Effects

BED is often linked to:

  • Weight gain or obesity
  • Type 2 diabetes risk
  • Heart and cardiovascular problems

Treatment

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Nutritional support and education
  • Support groups
  • Behavioural strategies to regulate eating

Core Idea

BED =
👉 Binge eating without compensating behaviours


Section 2 – Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Bulimia involves a cycle of:

  • Binge eating
  • Followed by compensatory behaviours

This is often called the binge–purge cycle.


Key Features

Binge Episode

  • Rapid eating of large amounts of food
  • Feeling out of control

Compensatory Behaviours

  • Self-induced vomiting
  • Laxative or diuretic misuse
  • Fasting
  • Excessive exercise

Physical Signs

  • Swollen salivary glands (“chipmunk cheeks”)
  • Tooth enamel erosion
  • Calluses on knuckles (Russell’s sign)
  • Electrolyte imbalance (can be dangerous)

Weight Pattern

  • Often normal weight or slightly overweight
  • Can be difficult to detect externally

Emotional Impact

  • Fear of weight gain
  • Shame after binge episodes
  • Anxiety around eating

Treatment

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • SSRIs (antidepressants)
  • Nutritional rehabilitation
  • Breaking the binge–purge cycle

Core Idea

Bulimia =
👉 Binge eating followed by compensation (purging behaviours)


Section 3 – Key Differences (BED vs Bulimia)

FeatureBinge Eating Disorder (BED)Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
Binge eatingYesYes
Purging behavioursNoYes
WeightOften higher weightUsually normal/slightly overweight
Main emotionShame & guiltFear of weight gain
CycleBinge onlyBinge–purge cycle

Section 4 – Shared Features

Both disorders may include:

  • Loss of control during eating
  • Emotional distress
  • Shame after episodes
  • Risk of depression or anxiety

Key Takeaway

  • BED = binge eating without compensation
  • Bulimia = binge eating with compensatory behaviours

Both are serious eating disorders that can affect:

  • Physical health
  • Emotional wellbeing
  • Daily functioning 

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