(Easy Read Training Text)
Cancer is a group of more than 100 diseases.
It happens when cells in the body grow and divide in an uncontrolled way.
Normally, cells grow, work, and then die when they are no longer needed.
In cancer, this process does not work properly.
ð§ What Happens in Cancer?
Cancer starts when cells become damaged.
Instead of dying, these cells:
- Keep growing
- Divide too quickly
- Form abnormal growths
These growths can:
- Stay in one place
- Spread to other parts of the body
𧎠Tumours and Spread of Cancer
ð§Ŧ Tumours
A tumour is a lump of abnormal cells.
- Some cancers form tumours (solid lumps)
- Some cancers do not form lumps (e.g. blood cancers)
⚠️ Metastasis (Spread of Cancer)
Cancer can spread through:
- Blood
- Lymph system
This is called metastasis.
When cancer spreads, it can affect:
- Organs
- Body systems
- Overall health
𧎠Types of Cancer
Cancer is grouped into different types:
ð§ą Carcinomas
- Start in skin or organ lining
- Most common type
ðĶī Sarcomas
- Start in bones
- Can affect muscles or connective tissue
ðĐļ Leukemia
- Cancer of the blood
- Does not form solid tumours
ð§ Lymphomas
- Affect the immune system
- Develop in lymph nodes
⚠️ Causes and Risk Factors
Cancer can be caused by many different factors.
ðŽ Lifestyle factors
- Smoking (tobacco use)
- Alcohol use
- Poor diet
- High body weight
ð Environmental factors
- Radiation exposure
- Harmful chemicals
- Air pollution
𧎠Genetic factors
- Inherited gene changes
- Family history of cancer
ðĶ Infections
Some viruses can increase cancer risk, such as:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
ð How Common is Cancer?
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
It affects millions of people each year.
Common types include:
- Lung cancer
- Breast cancer
- Bowel (colorectal) cancer
- Prostate cancer
𧎠Key Features of Cancer
Cancer is mainly caused by changes in DNA (genes).
These changes can:
- Stop cells from dying when they should
- Cause cells to grow uncontrollably
- Form tumours or abnormal growths
ð Key Message
Cancer is a serious group of diseases, but:
- It affects people in different ways
- It can develop in many parts of the body
- Early detection and treatment can improve outcomes
ð Final Summary
Cancer:
- Is a group of over 100 diseases
- Causes uncontrolled cell growth
- Can form tumours or spread through the body
- Has many causes including lifestyle, genetics, and environment
With modern treatments, many people can:
- Manage cancer
- Slow its spread
- Improve quality of life
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