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Counselling is when you talk to a trained person about problems, feelings, or goals.

By approach:

Humanistic 🌱 – Focus on personal growth, free will, and making good choices.
Cognitive 🧠 – Focus on how thoughts affect feelings and behaviours. Example: CBT.
Behavioural 🔄 – Focus on changing negative behaviours into positive ones.
Psychoanalytic 🛋️ – Looks at how past experiences and hidden thoughts affect today.
Integrative/Holistic 🌍 – Mix of different methods, tailored for each person.

By specialty:

Mental health counselling 🧩 – Support for mental illness or emotional stress.
Substance abuse counselling 🍷🚫 – Support for people with addictions.
Marriage & family counselling 👨‍👩‍👧 – Helps families work through problems together.
Rehabilitation counselling ♿ – Supports people with disabilities to reach goals.
Career counselling 💼 – Helps with jobs, training, and future planning.
Grief & bereavement counselling 💔 – Support after loss or trauma.

Mentoring means guidance, role-modelling, and support.

Formal mentoring 📑 – Structured program with rules and goals.
Informal mentoring 😊 – Natural friendship and guidance.
One-to-one mentoring 👥 – One mentor with one mentee.
Peer mentoring 🔄 – People at the same level help each other.
Reverse mentoring 🔃 – Younger person teaches an older person (e.g., about tech).
Group mentoring 👨‍👩‍👦 – One mentor helps a group.
Virtual/e-mentoring 💻 – Done online or by phone.
Flash mentoring ⚡ – Short-term, quick advice or session.
Situational mentoring 🎯 – Support for one specific goal or challenge.

Advocacy means speaking up for yourself or others.

Self-advocacy 🗣️ – Speaking up for your own needs and rights.
Individual advocacy 👥 – Helping one or two people with their rights.
Systems advocacy 🏛️ – Changing rules and laws to help many people.
Legal advocacy ⚖️ – Lawyers or professionals protect rights in the law.
Patient advocacy 🏥 – Helping patients get fair treatment in healthcare.
Grassroots advocacy ✊ – Local people working together for change.
Policy advocacy 📜 – Using research to influence laws and policies.
Citizen advocacy 🤝 – Volunteers supporting someone whose voice may not be heard.

📝 Quiz Questions

What does cognitive counselling focus on?
a) Food and drink
b) How thoughts affect feelings and behaviours
c) Music and art
Which type of counselling helps people with addictions?
a) Substance abuse counselling
b) Career counselling
c) Family counselling
Which counselling is used after a loss?
a) Rehabilitation counselling
b) Grief and bereavement counselling
c) Career counselling

What is peer mentoring?
a) When people at the same level help each other
b) When a teacher gives a lesson
c) When a lawyer gives advice
What does reverse mentoring mean?
a) A senior staff member teaches a younger worker
b) A younger person teaches a senior person (e.g., about technology)
c) A mentor works with a whole group
What is flash mentoring?
a) A very long program
b) A short meeting for quick advice
c) Done only online

What is self-advocacy?
a) Speaking up for yourself
b) Speaking up for everyone in the community
c) Staying silent
What type of advocacy tries to change laws and rules?
a) Individual advocacy
b) Systems advocacy
c) Patient advocacy
Who helps with legal advocacy?
a) Lawyers or trained professionals
b) Family members
c) Neighbours