🗂️ Answer Sheet (Sample Key) not all answers may there but you are more than welcome to research online. As time gets closer to your real college examples etc, I would encourage you to spend less time looking at refence as you may not have refence beside you on the exam day.
|
Q |
Answer |
|
1 |
b |
|
2 |
a |
|
3 |
a |
|
4 |
a |
|
5 |
b |
|
6 |
b |
|
7 |
False |
|
8 |
ADHD, Dyscalculia, Dyspraxia (many answers possible) |
|
9 |
Coloured overlays, extra time, audio books, simplified text
(examples) |
|
10 |
a 7. True or False:
Dyslexia only affects reading. 8. Name three common
co-occurring conditions with dyslexia. 9. What are two
classroom accommodations that can support a learner with dyslexia?
10. What strengths might
someone with dyslexia have? |
Summary Table
|
Category |
Type(s) |
|
Most Common/Developmental |
Phonological, Rapid Naming, Surface,
Double Deficit, Visual |
|
Acquired/Central |
Deep Dyslexia, Semantic Dyslexia,
Pure Alexia |
|
Other/Processing-Based |
Attentional, Orthographic, Auditory
Dyslexia |
|
Special Case |
Hyperlexia (advanced decoding but
comprehension deficits) |
· Describe
how dyslexia can affect self-esteem in learners.
· What
are the differences between phonological and visual dyslexia?
· How
would you adapt a lesson plan to support a dyslexic student in reading-heavy
content?
Understanding Dyslexia’s Impact on Learners
and Adapting Instruction
## Slide 1: Title Slide
**Title: ** Understanding Dyslexia’s Impact on
Learners and Adapting Instruction
**Subtitle: ** Making lessons more accessible
for all learners
(Include a dyslexia-friendly font and a symbol
of an open book)
## Slide 2: Dyslexia and Self-Esteem
- Dyslexia can affect confidence and emotional
wellbeing.
- Struggling with reading may make learners
feel frustrated or less intelligent.
- Possible effects:
-
Feeling left out
-
Hiding difficulties
-
Anxiety about reading aloud
-
Frustration or acting out
(Symbol: sad face / group of friends)
## Slide 3: The Self-Esteem Cycle
Low self-esteem → Less motivation → More struggles → Even lower
self-esteem
(Symbol: circular arrows diagram)
---# Slide 4: Types of Dyslexia
**Phonological Dyslexia: **
- Most common
- Trouble breaking words into sounds
- Hard to read new words quickly
**Visual Dyslexia:**
- Brain struggles with recognising word shapes
and letters
- May lose place when reading
(Symbols: ear for phonology, eye for visual)
## Slide 5: Adapting Lessons – Before Reading
- Pre-teach vocabulary and ideas
- Use pictures, videos, and
demonstrations
(Symbol: lightbulb / picture)
---## Slide 6: Adapting Lessons – While
Reading
- Provide audiobooks or large print
- Break text into smaller parts
- Use multisensory learning (colour coding,
letter tiles)
- Focus on understanding, not speed
(Symbol: book with speaker icon)
## Slide 7: Adapting Lessons – After Reading
- Let students present learning in different
ways (talk, art, project)
- Give outlines and graphic organisers
(Symbol: checklist)
## Slide 8: Supportive Classroom Environment
- Avoid forcing reading aloud
- Encourage effort and progress
- Foster a growth mindset
(Symbol: smiley face / thumbs up)
## Slide 9: Key Message
Early identification + Personalised support =
Success in learning and confidence
(Symbol: graduation cap)
---## Slide 10: Thank You Slide
Potential Strengths of People with Dyslexia
(As identified by the International Dyslexia Association)
1. Visual–Spatial Reasoning
-
What it means: Ability to think in pictures, imagine how things fit together, and mentally manipulate shapes or spaces.
-
Examples:
-
Visualising a building before it’s built (architecture)
-
Reading and creating maps
-
Designing objects or spaces
-
-
Careers that benefit: Engineering, art, interior design, mechanics
2. Creativity and Imagination
-
What it means: Original thinking and an ability to come up with unique solutions or artistic expressions.
-
Examples:
-
Inventing a new product or tool
-
Writing creative stories or music
-
Coming up with alternative ways to solve problems
-
-
Careers that benefit: Writing, art, film, marketing, product design
3. Problem-Solving Skills
-
What it means: Strong critical thinking, pattern recognition, and ability to connect information from different areas.
-
Examples:
-
Finding the quickest route to fix a logistical problem
-
Identifying flaws in a system and improving it
-
-
Careers that benefit: Business strategy, science, technology, management
4. Narrative Reasoning
-
What it means: Understanding, remembering, and explaining things best through storytelling.
-
Examples:
-
Learning history by connecting events into a story
-
Explaining a concept through a relatable example
-
-
Careers that benefit: Teaching, journalism, law, public speaking
5. Interconnected Reasoning
-
What it means: Seeing links between different ideas, objects, and experiences.
-
Examples:
-
Noticing how environmental, social, and economic issues are connected
-
Creating innovative projects by combining ideas from multiple fields
-
-
Careers that benefit: Entrepreneurship, systems design, research, leadership
6. Dynamic Reasoning
-
What it means: Predicting patterns, trends, and changes over time.
-
Examples:
-
Anticipating market shifts in business
-
Understanding how ecosystems evolve
-
-
Careers that benefit: Science, economics, forecasting, environmental studies
7. Resilience and Determination
-
What it means: The ability to persevere and adapt despite difficulties.
-
Examples:
-
Continuing education after repeated academic challenges
-
Starting a business despite early setbacks
-
-
Careers that benefit: Any field where persistence is essential
8. Emotional Intelligence
-
What it means: Strong empathy, self-awareness, and relationship skills.
-
Examples:
-
Supporting friends through challenges
-
Reading emotions in a group and adjusting communication
-
-
Careers that benefit: Counselling, teaching, management, healthcare
✅ Key Point:
These strengths don’t cancel out the challenges of dyslexia, but they highlight the unique talents and perspectives that many people with dyslexia bring to education, work, and life. Recognising these abilities can boost self-esteem and encourage a strengths-based approach in schools and workplaces.
Primary Types (per NeuroHealth AH)
- Phonological Dyslexia
Difficulty decoding words by breaking them into sound units. This is the most common form. neurohealthah.com+1 - Rapid Naming Dyslexia
Struggle with quickly naming familiar items like letters, numbers, or colors, resulting in slower reading speed. neurohealthah.com - Double Deficit Dyslexia
Combines both phonological deficits and slow naming speed—often considered the most severe type. neurohealthah.comkathleendunbar.netBluebird Psychology - Surface Dyslexia
Trouble recognizing whole words by sight, especially irregular words, which disrupts fluent reading. neurohealthah.comUnique Community ServicesWikipedia - Visual Dyslexia
Impaired visual processing—text may appear blurry, move, or otherwise distort. neurohealthah.comUnique Community ServicesExceptional Individuals
Developmental vs. Acquired
- Developmental Dyslexia
Typically has a genetic basis and manifests early in life. Includes subtypes like phonological and surface dyslexia. neurohealthah.comPubMed - Acquired Dyslexia
Occurs after brain injury or trauma. Not present from birth. neurohealthah.comDyslexia Reading Well
Additional Types and Variations (from
broader literature)
- Deep Dyslexia (acquired/central type)
Characterized by semantic reading errors (e.g., reading “bird” as “canary”), visual and derivational errors, difficulty with function words, and inability to read non-words. Dyslexia Reading WellWikipedia - Attentional Dyslexia
Letters or words may "migrate" between words on a page (e.g., reading kind wing as wind king); tied to attention and visual processing. Dyslexia Reading WellNeurodivergent Insights - Orthographic Dyslexia
Adequate phonemic awareness, but difficulty recognizing word patterns or orthographic structures; often affects reading fluency. Neurodivergent Insights - Auditory Dyslexia
Challenges in processing sounds of language, such as distinguishing similar phonemes, separate from issues with visual decoding. Dyslexia Reading WellNeurodivergent Insights - Semantic Dyslexia
An acquired reading disorder within alexia/aphasia. Individuals may misunderstand word meaning (e.g., perceiving “diamond” as “shiny”). Wikipedia - Pure Alexia (a.k.a. letter-by-letter
dyslexia)
Severe reading impairment with other language functions (e.g., speaking, writing) largely intact; reading is extremely slow, often letter-by-letter. Wikipedia - Hyperlexia
Not dyslexia per se. Marked by unusually early and advanced word decoding skills, but often accompanied by poor comprehension and social communication challenges. Commonly seen in autistic children. Wikipedia
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