Fragile X Syndrome is:
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A genetic condition.
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This means it is caused by a change in your genes.
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It can affect how a person learns, behaves, and communicates.
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It is the most common inherited cause of learning disabilities.
What are the signs of Fragile X Syndrome?
Learning and Development
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People may learn things more slowly.
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Some people may have mild problems, and others may have more severe learning difficulties.
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It might take longer to walk, talk, or learn new things.
Behaviour and Emotions
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People with Fragile X may:
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Feel very worried or anxious
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Be very active or fidgety
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Find it hard to pay attention
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Like routines and get upset if things change
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Do things in a repetitive way (like flapping hands or rocking)
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Communication and Social Skills
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It can be hard to:
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Make eye contact
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Start or join in a conversation
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Understand how others feel or what they mean
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Physical Features
Not everyone with Fragile X looks the same, but some people may have:
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A long face
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Big ears
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Flat feet
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Joints that bend more than usual
Sensory Difficulties
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Loud noises, bright lights, or some clothing may feel too much.
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People may get upset by sensory overload.
Other Health Problems
Some people may also have:
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Ear infections
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Seizures (fits)
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Eyes that turn inwards or outwards (crossed eyes)
What causes Fragile X Syndrome?
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It is caused by a change in a gene called FMR1.
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This gene is on the X chromosome.
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The gene does not work properly, so it can’t make a protein that the brain needs.
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The condition is passed on in families, but sometimes it happens by chance.
How do people find out they have Fragile X?
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A genetic test can find out if someone has Fragile X.
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Doctors may offer this test if a child has:
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Delays in learning
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Signs of autism
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Problems with talking or behaviour
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Is there a cure?
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There is no cure, but people can get help and support.
What support can help?
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Speech therapy – to help with talking
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Occupational therapy – to help with motor skills and touch sensitivity
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Behaviour support – to manage strong feelings and routines
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Special education – learning support at school
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Medicines – to help with anxiety, ADHD, or seizures
With the right support:
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People with Fragile X can learn, grow, and enjoy life.
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They may need extra help at home, in school, and in the community.
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