More Dyslexia

 You've accurately described many of the core challenges associated with dyslexia. It's indeed a learning disability that primarily affects the neurological processes involved in reading, which can then have ripple effects on other language-based skills.

To elaborate on your points:

• Difficulties with the sounds of words (phonological awareness): This is a hallmark of dyslexia. Individuals may struggle to break down words into individual sounds (phonemes), blend sounds to form words, and understand the relationship between letters and sounds (phonics). This can make sounding out words difficult.

• Processing information: While dyslexia primarily impacts language processing, the challenges with decoding and comprehending text can indirectly affect overall information processing, especially when learning relies heavily on reading.

• Spelling: Difficulties with phonological awareness directly contribute to spelling challenges. If someone struggles to hear the individual sounds in a word, they will likely struggle to represent those sounds correctly in writing.

• Grammar and punctuation: While not always the primary difficulty, the cognitive effort required for reading and spelling can sometimes impact to grammar and punctuation rules.

• Making sense of writing: This can stem from difficulties with word retrieval, organization of thoughts, and the mechanics of writing (spelling, grammar).

• Missing sentences or information: This can be related to difficulties in organizing thoughts and translating them into written form, as well as potential challenges with working memory.

• Letter and word order: You've hit on a very common characteristic – the "knowing" the letters are there but mixing them up (e.g., "was" instead of "saw") or transposing words in a sentence. This often reflects the underlying difficulties with phonological processing and orthographic (spelling pattern) memory.

It's important to reiterate that dyslexia is not a sign of low intelligence. In fact, many individuals with dyslexia have average to above-average intelligence. Their brains simply process language information differently. With appropriate instruction, strategies, and support, individuals with dyslexia can learn to read and write effectively, often developing strengths in other areas like visual-spatial reasoning, creativity, and problem-solving.